這部由羅伯特·費(fèi)爾德曼撰寫的《心理學(xué)綱要》（Essentials of Understanding Psychology）在英美等國(guó)被300多所大學(xué)采用，是受歡迎的導(dǎo)論性心理學(xué)教材之一。本書即影印自該教材的新第10版。
《心理學(xué)綱要（第10版，英文版）》分為14章，依次為：心理學(xué)導(dǎo)言，神經(jīng)科學(xué)與行為，感覺與知覺，意識(shí)狀態(tài)，學(xué)習(xí)，記憶，思維、語(yǔ)言與智力，動(dòng)機(jī)與情緒，發(fā)展，人格，健康心理學(xué)，心理障礙，心理障礙的治療，社會(huì)心理學(xué)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，全書進(jìn)一步劃分為46個(gè)獨(dú)立的模塊，讀者可以根據(jù)自己的興趣有選擇地閱讀。這種獨(dú)樹一幟的模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，不僅適應(yīng)于課堂教學(xué)，也非常適合普通讀者來自學(xué)。
從第1版到第10版，作者始終秉持“把學(xué)生放在首位”的宗旨，致力于吸引學(xué)生的注意，將心理學(xué)知識(shí)傳授給學(xué)生，進(jìn)而激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣，幫助他們將心理學(xué)與日常世界建立起聯(lián)系。作者的語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，生動(dòng)形象，書中的各種教輔材料，如各種精美圖片、互動(dòng)游戲、視頻及題庫(kù)，更是為教師的課堂教學(xué)和學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)提供了全面解決方案。
本書特別適合用作普通心理學(xué)雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)課教材或參考讀物，也適合喜歡直接讀英文原著的心理學(xué)愛好者閱讀。
英美等國(guó)300多所大學(xué)院校采用，受歡迎的導(dǎo)論性心理學(xué)教材之一
模塊化的結(jié)構(gòu)體例獨(dú)樹一幟，既適應(yīng)于課堂教學(xué)，也適合閱讀和自學(xué)
語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，清新自然，生動(dòng)形象且富有激情
普通心理學(xué)雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)的首要選擇教材或參考讀物
中國(guó)心理學(xué)界泰斗黃希庭教授作序推薦
羅伯特·費(fèi)爾德曼，是美國(guó)馬薩諸塞大學(xué)阿默斯特分校的心理學(xué)教授，同時(shí)任該校社會(huì)與行為科學(xué)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)。作為學(xué)院杰出教師獎(jiǎng)的獲得者，他所教授的心理學(xué)課程的學(xué)生人數(shù)從15人到500人不等。在長(zhǎng)達(dá)20多年的大學(xué)教師生涯中，除馬薩諸塞大學(xué)之外，他還曾在芒特霍尤克學(xué)院、衛(wèi)斯理恩大學(xué)和弗吉尼亞聯(lián)邦大學(xué)教授本科和研究生課程。
費(fèi)爾德曼教授是美國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)和心理科學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員，他從衛(wèi)斯理恩大學(xué)獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位，從威斯康辛大學(xué)獲得碩士和博士學(xué)位。他曾榮獲富布賴特資深研究學(xué)者和講師獎(jiǎng)，以及衛(wèi)斯理恩大學(xué)的杰出校友獎(jiǎng)。他是行為和腦科學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)（FABBS）的理事會(huì)成員之一，也是FABBS基金會(huì)的候任主席，該基金會(huì)大力支持心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域。
他撰寫或編寫的著作、科學(xué)論文數(shù)量累計(jì)超過150種（篇）。他所撰寫的教科書被全世界200多萬學(xué)生采用，被譯成西班牙語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、葡萄牙語(yǔ)、荷蘭語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)、漢語(yǔ)、韓語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)等九種語(yǔ)言。他的研究興趣包括日常生活中的誠(chéng)實(shí)和欺騙行為，他在2009年出版的暢銷書《生活中的說謊者》中描述了他的工作。他的研究得到了來自國(guó)家精神衛(wèi)生研究所（NIH）以及國(guó)家殘障和康復(fù)研究所的資助。
Brief Contents
Preface xxiii
C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Psychology 2
M O D U L E 1 Psychologists at Work 5
M O D U L E 2 A Science Evolves: The Past, the Present, and the Future 14
M O D U L E 3 Research in Psychology 26
M O D U L E 4 Critical Research Issues 40
C H A P T E R 2 Neuroscience and Behavior 48
M O D U L E 5 Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior 51
M O D U L E 6 The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body 60
M O D U L E 7 The Brain 68
C H A P T E R 3 Sensation and Perception 86
M O D U L E 8 Sensing the World Around Us 89
M O D U L E 9 Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye 94
M O D U L E 1 0 Hearing and the Other Senses 104
M O D U L E 1 1 Perceptual Organization: Constructing Our View of the World 116
C H A P T E R 4 States of Consciousness 130
M O D U L E 1 2 Sleep and Dreams 133
M O D U L E 1 3 Hypnosis and Meditation 147
M O D U L E 1 4 Drug Use: The Highs and Lows of Consciousness 152
C H A P T E R 5 Learning 166
M O D U L E 1 5 Classical Conditioning 169
M O D U L E 1 6 Operant Conditioning 177
M O D U L E 1 7 Cognitive Approaches to Learning 192
C H A P T E R 6 Memory 202
M O D U L E 1 8 The Foundations of Memory 205
M O D U L E 1 9 Recalling Long-Term Memories 218
M O D U L E 2 0 Forgetting: When Memory Fails 228
C H A P T E R 7 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence 238
M O D U L E 2 1 Thinking and Reasoning 241
M O D U L E 2 2 Language 257
M O D U L E 2 3 Intelligence 266
C H A P T E R 8 Motivation and Emotion 286
M O D U L E 2 4 Explaining Motivation 289
M O D U L E 2 5 Human Needs and Motivation: Eat, Drink, and Be Daring 296
M O D U L E 2 6 Understanding Emotional Experiences 313
C H A P T E R 9 Development 326
M O D U L E 2 7 Nature and Nurture: The Enduring Developmental Issue 329
M O D U L E 2 8 Infancy and Childhood 340
M O D U L E 2 9 Adolescence: Becoming an Adult 358
M O D U L E 3 0 Adulthood 368
C H A P T E R 1 0 Personality 382
M O D U L E 3 1 Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality 385
M O D U L E 3 2 Trait, Learning, Biological and Evolutionary, and Humanistic Approaches to Personality 395
M O D U L E 3 3 Assessing Personality: Determining What Makes Us Distinctive 408
C H A P T E R 1 1 Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being 418
M O D U L E 3 4 Stress and Coping 421
M O D U L E 3 5 Psychological Aspects of Illness and Well-Being 434
M O D U L E 3 6 Promoting Health and Wellness 441
C H A P T E R 1 2 Psychological Disorders 450
M O D U L E 3 7 Normal Versus Abnormal: Making the Distinction 453
M O D U L E 3 8 The Major Psychological Disorders 463
M O D U L E 3 9 Psychological Disorders in Perspective 483
C H A P T E R 1 3 Treatment of Psychological Disorders 492
M O D U L E 4 0 Psychotherapy: Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Cognitive Approaches to Treatment 495
M O D U L E 4 1 Psychotherapy: Humanistic, Interpersonal, and Group Approaches to Treatment 507
M O D U L E 4 2 Biomedical Therapy: Biological Approaches to Treatment 515
C H A P T E R 1 4 Social Psychology 526
M O D U L E 4 3 Attitudes and Social Cognition 529
M O D U L E 4 4 Social Infl uence and Groups 541
M O D U L E 4 5 Prejudice and Discrimination 549
M O D U L E 4 6 Positive and Negative Social Behavior 555
Glossary G
References R-1
Psychologists at Work
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The simplicity of this defi nition is in some ways deceiving, concealing ongoing debates about how broad the scope of psychology should be. Should psychologists limit themselves to the study of outward, observable behavior? Is it possible to study thinking scientifically? Should the field encompass the study of such diverse topics as physical and mental health, perception, dreaming, and motivation? Is it appropriate to focus solely on human behavior, or should the behavior of other species be included?
Most psychologists would argue that the field should be receptive to a variety of viewpoints and approaches. Consequently, the phrase behavior and mental processes in the definition of psychology must be understood to mean many things: It encompasses not just what people do but also their thoughts, emotions, perceptions, reasoning processes, memories, and even the biological activities that maintain bodily functioning.
Psychologists try to describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes, as well as helping to change and improve the lives of people and the world in which they live. They use scientific methods to find answers that are far more valid and legitimate than those resulting from intuition and speculation, which are often inaccurate (see Figure 1).
The Subfields of Psychology: Psychology’s Family Tree
As the study of psychology has grown, it has given rise to a number of subfields (described in Figure 2). The subfields of psychology can be likened to an extended family, with assorted nieces and nephews, aunts and uncles, and cousins who, although they may not interact on a day-to-day basis, are related to one another, because they share a common goal: understanding behavior. One way to identify the key subfields is to look at some of the basic questions about behavior that they address.
WHAT ARE THE BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIOR?
In the most fundamental sense, people are biological organisms. Behavioral neuroscience is the subfield of psychology that mainly examines how the brain and the nervous system—but other biological processes as well—determine behavior. Thus, neuroscientists consider how our bodies influence our behavior. For example, they may examine the link between specific sites in the brain and the muscular tremors of people affected by Parkinson’s disease or attempt to determine how our emotions are related to physical sensations. Behavioral neuroscientists might want to know what physiological changes occurred as movie patrons in the theater where Batman was showing realized they were being shot at.
HOW DO PEOPLE SENSE, PERCEIVE, LEARN, AND THINK ABOUT THE WORLD?
If you have ever wondered why you are susceptible to optical illusions, how your body registers pain, or how to make the most of your study time, an experimental psychologist can answer your questions. Experimental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world. (The term experimental psychologist is somewhat misleading: Psychologists in every specialty area use experimental techniques.)
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