目錄
前言
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 理論熱力循環(huán)動態(tài)優(yōu)化現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1 恒溫熱源理論熱機循環(huán)最優(yōu)構(gòu)型 2
1.2.2 變溫熱源理論熱機循環(huán)最優(yōu)構(gòu)型 3
1.2.3 串接、聯(lián)合和多熱源理論熱機循環(huán)最優(yōu)構(gòu)型 4
1.2.4 具有非均勻工質(zhì)的理論熱機性能界限 5
1.2.5 基于HJB理論的多級熱力循環(huán)系統(tǒng)動態(tài)優(yōu)化 5
1.3 理論化學循環(huán)動態(tài)優(yōu)化現(xiàn)狀 7
1.3.1 等溫化學循環(huán)最優(yōu)構(gòu)型 7
1.3.2 非等溫化學機循環(huán)最優(yōu)構(gòu)型 8
1.3.3 基于HJB理論的多級等溫化學機循環(huán)系統(tǒng)動態(tài)優(yōu)化 9
1.3.4 基于HJB理論的多級非等溫化學機循環(huán)系統(tǒng)動態(tài)優(yōu)化 9
1.4 本書的主要工作及章節(jié)安排 10
第2章 恒溫熱源內(nèi)可逆熱機循環(huán)動態(tài)優(yōu)化 12
2.1 引言 12
2.2 廣義輻射傳熱規(guī)律下無壓比約束下內(nèi)可逆熱機最大輸出功率 12
2.2.1 物理模型 12
2.2.2 優(yōu)化方法 15
2.2.3 特例分析 23
2.3 廣義輻射傳熱規(guī)律下給定壓比的內(nèi)可逆熱機最大輸出功率? 47
2.3.1 物理模型 47
2.3.2 優(yōu)化方法 48
2.3.3 特例分析 57
2.4 廣義輻射傳熱規(guī)律下給定輸入能的內(nèi)可逆熱機最大效率 89
2.4.1 物理模型 89
2.4.2 優(yōu)化方法 89
2.4.3 特例分析 99
2.5 本章小結(jié) 124
第3章 變溫熱源熱機循環(huán)動態(tài)優(yōu)化 126
3.1 引言 126
3.2 兩有限熱容熱源內(nèi)可逆熱機最大輸出功 126
3.2.1 物理模型 126
3.2.2 優(yōu)化方法 128
3.2.3 特例分析與討論 130
3.3 存在熱漏的有限高溫熱源不可逆熱機最大輸出功 134
3.3.1 物理模型 134
3.3.2 優(yōu)化方法 134
3.3.3 特例分析與討論 136
3.4 本章小結(jié) 138
第4章 具有非均勻工質(zhì)的熱機性能界限 139
4.1 引言 139
4.2 線性唯象傳熱規(guī)律下非均勻工質(zhì)非回熱不可逆熱機 最大輸出功率 139
4.2.1 物理模型 139
4.2.2 優(yōu)化方法 142
4.2.3 數(shù)值算例與討論 146
4.3 線性唯象傳熱規(guī)律下非均勻工質(zhì)非回熱 不可逆熱機最大效率 149
4.3.1 物理模型 149
4.3.2 優(yōu)化方法 150
4.3.3 數(shù)值算例與討論 153
4.4 具有非均勻工質(zhì)的一類理論熱機最大功率和效率 155
4.4.1 物理模型 155
4.4.2 優(yōu)化方法 158
4.4.3 不同反應速率方程和熱阻模型下優(yōu)化結(jié)果的比較 163
4.5 本章小結(jié) 164
第5章 基于HJB理論的多級熱力循環(huán)系統(tǒng)動態(tài)優(yōu)化 166
5.1 引言 166
5.2 普適傳熱規(guī)律下多級不可逆熱機系統(tǒng)最大輸出功率 166
5.2.1 系統(tǒng)建模與特性描述 166
5.2.2 優(yōu)化方法 170
5.2.3 特例分析 171
5.2.4 數(shù)值算例與討論 179
5.3 普適傳熱規(guī)律下多級不可逆熱泵系統(tǒng)耗功率最小優(yōu)化 197
5.3.1 系統(tǒng)建模與特性描述 197
5.3.2 優(yōu)化方法 200
5.3.3 特例分析 201
5.3.4 數(shù)值算例與討論 207
5.4 本章小結(jié) 211
第6章 化學機循環(huán)動態(tài)優(yōu)化 213
6.1 引言 213
6.2 有限高勢庫等溫內(nèi)可逆化學機最大輸出功 214
6.2.1 物理模型 214
6.2.2 優(yōu)化方法 216
6.2.3 特例分析與討論 218
6.3 存在質(zhì)漏的有限高勢庫等溫不可逆化學機最大輸出功 224
6.3.1 物理模型 224
6.3.2 優(yōu)化方法 225
6.3.3 特例分析與討論 227
6.4 多庫等溫內(nèi)可逆化學機最大輸出功率 230
6.4.1 物理模型 230
6.4.2 優(yōu)化方法 231
6.4.3 數(shù)值算例與討論 234
6.5 基于LIT的有限高勢庫非等溫內(nèi)可逆化學機最大輸出功 237
6.5.1 物理模型 237
6.5.2 優(yōu)化方法 239
6.5.3 特例分析與討論 241
6.6 本章小結(jié) 246
第7章 基于HJB理論的多級等溫化學循環(huán)系統(tǒng)動態(tài)優(yōu)化 248
7.1 引言 248
7.2 線性傳質(zhì)規(guī)律下多級等溫不可逆化學機系統(tǒng)最大輸出功率優(yōu)化 249
7.2.1 系統(tǒng)建模與特性描述 249
7.2.2 優(yōu)化方法 255
7.2.3 數(shù)值算例與討論 260
7.3 擴散傳質(zhì)規(guī)律下多級等溫不可逆化學機系統(tǒng)最大功率輸出優(yōu)化 271
7.3.1 系統(tǒng)建模與特性描述 271
7.3.2 優(yōu)化方法 273
7.3.3 數(shù)值算例與討論 275
7.4 線性傳質(zhì)規(guī)律下多級等溫內(nèi)可逆化學泵系統(tǒng)耗功率最小優(yōu)化 278
7.4.1 系統(tǒng)建模與特性描述 278
7.4.2 優(yōu)化方法 281
7.4.3 數(shù)值算例與討論 282
7.5 本章小結(jié) 287
第8章 基于HJB理論的多級非等溫不可逆化學機系統(tǒng)動態(tài)優(yōu)化 288
8.1 引言 288
8.2 基于Lewis相似的單級非等溫不可逆化學機最大輸出功率 288
8.2.1 物理模型 288
8.2.2 優(yōu)化方法 291
8.2.3 特例分析 294
8.2.4 數(shù)值算例與討論 296
8.3 基于Lewis相似的多級非等溫不可逆化學機系統(tǒng)最大輸出功率 299
8.3.1 系統(tǒng)建模與特性描述 299
8.3.2 優(yōu)化方法 301
8.3.3 特例分析 303
8.4 基于LIT的單級非等溫不可逆化學機最大輸出功率 305
8.4.1 物理模型 305
8.4.2 優(yōu)化方法 306
8.4.3 特例分析 310
8.4.4 數(shù)值算例與討論 311
8.5 基于LIT的多級非等溫不可逆化學機系統(tǒng)最大輸出功率 314
8.5.1 系統(tǒng)建模與特性描述 314
8.5.2 優(yōu)化方法 317
8.5.3 特例分析 317
8.6 本章小結(jié) 319
第9章 全書總結(jié) 321
參考文獻 327
附錄A 最優(yōu)化理論概述 346
A.1 引言 346
A.2 靜態(tài)優(yōu)化 347
A.2.1 無約束函數(shù)極值優(yōu)化 347
A.2.2 僅含等式約束函數(shù)極值優(yōu)化 348
A.2.3 含不等式約束函數(shù)極值優(yōu)化 349
A.3 動態(tài)優(yōu)化 350
A.3.1 古典變分法 351
A.3.2 極小值原理 356
A.3.3 動態(tài)規(guī)劃 359
A.3.4 平均最優(yōu)控制理論 365
A.4 附錄A小結(jié) 367
附錄B 主要符號說明 368
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The dynamic-optimization status of theoretical thermodynamic cycles 2
1.2.1 Optimal configurations of theoretical heat engine cycles with constant-temperature heat reservoirs 2
1.2.2 Optimal configurations of theoretical heat engine cycles with variable-temperature heat reservoirs 3
1.2.3 Optimal configurations of sequential, combined and multi- reservoir theoretical heat engine cycles 4
1.2.4 Performance limits for theoretical heat engines with a non-uniform working fluid 5
1.2.5 Dynamic-optimization of multistage thermodynamic cycle systems based on Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory 5
1.3 The dynamic-optimization status of theoretical chemical cycles 7
1.3.1 Optimal configurations of isothermal chemical cycles 7
1.3.2 Optimal configurations of non-isothermal chemical cycles 8
1.3.3 Dynamic-optimization of multistage isothermal chemical cycle systems based on Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory 9
1.3.4 Dynamic-optimization of multistage non-isothermal chemical cycle systems based on Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory 9
1.4 The major work and chapters’ arrangement of this book 10
Chapter 2 Dynamic-Optimization of Endoreversible Heat Engines with Constant- Temperature Heat Reservoirs 12
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Maximum power output of endoreversible heat engines with generalized radiative heat transfer law and without constraint of compression ratio 12
2.2.1 Physical model 12
2.2.2 Optimization method 15
2.2.3 Analyses for special cases 23
2.3 Maximum power output of endoreversible heat engines with generalized radiative heat transfer law and fixed compression ratio 47
2.3.1 Physical model 47
2.3.2 Optimization method 48
2.3.3 Analyses for special cases 57
2.4 Maximum efficiency of endoreversible heat engines with generalized radiative heat transfer law and fixed input energy 89
2.4.1 Physical model 89
2.4.2 Optimization method 89
2.4.3 Analyses for special cases 99
2.5 Chapter summary 124
Chapter 3 Dynamic-Optimization of Heat Engine Cycles with Variable-Temperature Heat Reservoirs 126
3.1 Introduction 126
3.2 Maximum work output of endoreversible heat engines with two finite thermal capacity heat reservoirs 126
3.2.1 Physical model 126
3.2.2 Optimization method 128
3.2.3 Analyses for special cases and discussions 130
3.3 Maximum work output of irreversible heat engines with finite high-temperature heat source and bypass heat leakage 134
3.3.1 Physical model 134
3.3.2 Optimization method 134
3.3.3 Analyses for special cases and discussions 136
3.4 Chapter summary 138
Chapter 4 Performance Limits of Heat Engines with a Non- Uniform Working Fluid 139
4.1 Introduction 139
4.2 Maximum power output of irreversible non-regeneration heat engines with the non-uniform working fluid and linear phenomenological heat transfer law 139
4.2.1 Physical model 139
4.2.2 Optimization method 142
4.2.3 Numerical examples and discussions 146
4.3 Maximum efficiency of irreversible non-regeneration heat engines with the non-uniform working fluid and linear phenomenological heat transfer law 149
4.3.1 Physical model 149
4.3.2 Optimization method 150
4.3.3 Numerical examples and discussions 153
4.4 Maximum power and efficiency of a class of theoretical heat engines with the non-uniform working fluid 155
4.4.1 Physical model 155
4.4.2 Optimization method 158
4.4.3 Comparison of optimization results with different reaction rate equations and thermal resistance models 163
4.5 Chapter summary 164
Chapter 5 Dynamic-Optimization of Multistage Thermodynamic Cycle Systems Based on Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Theory 166
5.1 Introduction 166
5.2 Maximum power output of multistage irreversible heat engine systems with a generalized heat transfer law 166
5.2.1 System modeling and characteristic description 166
5.2.2 Optimization method 170
5.2.3 Analyses for special cases 171
5.2.4 Numerical examples and discussions 179
5.3 Minimum power consumption of multistage irreversible heat pump systems with the generalized heat transfer law 197
5.3.1 System modeling and characteristic description 197
5.3.2 Optimization method 200
5.3.3 Analyses for special cases 201
5.3.4 Numerical examples and discussions 207
5.4 Chapter summary 211
Chapter 6 Dynamic-Optimization of Chemical Engine Cycles 213
6.1 Introduction 213
6.2 Maximum work output of isothermal endoreversible chemical engines with a finite high-potential mass reservoir 214
6.2.1 Physical model 214
6.2.2 Optimization method 216
6.2.3 Analyses for special cases and discussions 218
6.3 Maximum work output of isothermal irreversible chemical engines with a finite high-potential mass reservoir and mass leakage 224
6.3.1 Physical model 224
6.3.2 Optimization method 225
6.3.3 Analyses for special cases and discussions 227
6.4 Maximum power output of a multi-reservoir isothermal endoreversible chemical engine 230
6.4.1 Physical model 230
6.4.2 Optimization method 231
6.4.3 Numerical examples and discussions 234
6.5 Maximum work output of non-isothermal endoreversible chemical engines with a finite high-potential mass reservoir based on linear irreversible thermodynamics 237
6.5.1 Physical model 237
6.5.2 Optimization method 239
6.5.3 Analyses for special cases and discussions 241
6.6 Chapter summary 246
Chapter 7 Dynamic-Optimization of Multistage Isothermal Chemical Cycle Systems Based on Hamilton-Jacobi- Bellman Theory 248
7.1 Introduction 248
7.2 Maximum power output of a multistage isothermal irreversible chemical engine system with linear mass transfer law 249
7.2.1 System modeling and characteristic description 249
7.2.2 Optimization method 255
7.2.3 Numerical examples and discussions 260
7.3 Maximum power output of a multistage isothermal irreversible chemical engine system with diffusive mass transfer law 271
7.3.1 System modeling and characteristic description 271
7.3.2 Optimization method 273
7.3.3 Numerical examples and discussions 275
7.4 Optimization for minimizing power consumption of a multistage isothermal endoreversible chemical pump system with linear mass transfer law 278
7.4.1 System modeling and characteristic description 278
7.4.2 Optimization method 281
7.4.3 Numerical examples and discussions 282
7.5 Chapter summary 287
Chapter 8 Dynamic-Optimization of Multistage Non-Isothermal Irreversible Chemical Engine Systems Based on Hamilton -Jacobi-Bellman Theory 288
8.1 Introduction 288
8.2 Maximum power output of a single-stage non-isothermal irreversible chemical engine based on Lewis similarity criterion 288
8.2.1 Physical model 288
8.2.2 Optimization method 291
8.2.3 Analyses for special cases 294
8.2.4 Numerical examples and discussions 296
8.3 Maximum power output of a multistage non-isothermal irreversible chemical engine system based on Lewis similarity criterion 299
8.3.1 System modeling and characteristic description 299
8.3.2 Optimization method 301
8.3.3 Analyses for special cases 303
8.4 Maximum power output of a single-stage non-isothermal irreversible chemical engine based on linear irreversible thermodynamics 305
8.4.1 Physical model 305
8.4.2 Optimization method 306
8.4.3 Analyses for special cases 310
8.4.4 Numerical examples and discussions 311
8.5 Maximum power output of a multistage non-isothermal irreversible chemical engine system based on linear irreversible thermodynamics 314
8.5.1 System modeling and characteristic description 314
8.5.2 Optimization method 317
8.5.3 Analyses for special cases 317
8.6 Chapter summary 319
Chapter 9 Book Summary 321
References 327
Appendix A An Overview of Optimization Theory 346
A.1 Introduction 346
A.2 Static optimization 347
A.2.1 Function extremum optimization without constraint 347
A.2.2 Function extremum optimization with equality constraints 348
A.2.3 Function extremum optimization with inequality constraints 349
A.3 Dynamic optimization 350
A.3.1 Classical variational method 351
A.3.2 The minimum principle 356
A.3.3 Dynamic programming 359
A.3.4 Average optimal control theory 365
A.4 Appendix summary 367
Appendix B Nomenclature 368