1900年,弗洛伊德出版了劃時(shí)代的著作《夢的解析》在最初的十年間乏人問津,然而不久即震撼了西方知識界,并在思想、文化乃至美學(xué)、文學(xué),神話,民族研究等諸多領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生深刻而廣泛的影響。1956年,美國的唐斯博士稱其為“改變歷史的書”、“劃時(shí)代的不朽巨著”,與哥白尼的《天體運(yùn)行論》、達(dá)爾文的《物種起源》并列為導(dǎo)致人類思想革命的三大奇書。弗洛伊德的最大貢獻(xiàn)在于他發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類的潛意識。按照弗氏理論,人的意識是由本我、自我、超我三個(gè)層面構(gòu)成的,而日常生活往往將本我、自我玨抑到潛意識里,而夢通過凝縮、轉(zhuǎn)移和二重加工將其釋放建議上架英語讀物出來,于是就有了古往今來千奇百怪的夢境。弗氏還將性力作為人的一切欲望和沖動的基本動力,雖說有些令人難以接受,但的確為人類打開心靈之門找到了一把鑰匙,《圣經(jīng)》以及世界各民族的文本中記錄的夢境、異象,希臘神話中的所謂俄狄浦斯戀母情結(jié)等諸多文化現(xiàn)象,自此都迎刃而解。
弗洛伊德,(SIGMUND FREUD)(1856-1939) was a Jewish-Austrian neurologist who founded thepsychoanalytic school of psychiatry. Freud is bestknown for his theories of the unconscious mindand the defense mechanism of repression and forcreanng the clinical practice of psychoanalysis fortreating psychopathology through dialoguebetween a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud isalso renowned for his redefinition of sexual desireas the pnmary motivational energy of human life.as well as his therapeutic techniques.In academia, his ideas continue to influencethe humanities and social sciences. He isconsidered one of the most prominent thinkersof the first half of the zoth century, in terms oforiginality and intellectual influence.
INTRODUCTION: FREUD
AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1(PART 1)
THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE OF
DREAM-PROBLEMS (UP TO 1900)
CHAPTER 1(PART 2)
THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE OF
DREAM-PROBLEMS (UP TO 1900)
CHAPTER 2 THE METHOD OF DREAM
INTERPRETATION
CHAPTER 3
THE DREAM AS WISH-FULFILMENT
CHAPTER 4 DISTORTION IN DREAMS
CHAPTER 5 (PART 1) THE
MATERIAL AND SOURCES OF DREAMS
CHAPTER 5 (PART 2) THE
MATERIAL AND SOURCES OF DREAMS
CHAPTER 6 (PART 1) THE DREAM-WORK
CHAPTER 6 (PART 2) THE DREAM-WORK
CHAPTER 6 (PART 3) THE DREAM-WORK
CHAPTER 6 (PART 4) THE DREAM-WORK
CHAPTER 7 (PART 1) THE PSYCHOLOGY
OF THE DREAM PROCESSES
CHAPTER 7 (PART 2) THE PSYCHOLOGY
OF THE DREAM PROCESSES
I have never believed that the world needs a St. George to conquer thedragon of Freudian error. I believe that ordinary rational men who arenot captured by professional status images can see the artificiality andlack of genuine love for humanity that characterizes his theories. Oncethis insight has become established in men's minds, what use can it be tofollow Freud into all the byways and sidetracks with which he sought tocover up his own sense of being on shaky ground? How many times doesan individual have to prove that one and one are two? Freud obviously had some kind of high impact influence on thepsychological thinking of his time. I wish to identify the nature of thatinfluence without getting lost in the kind of polemics which becomesinvective, a fate which has overcome many of his critics. It is necessaryfor the critic to be firmly oriented toward the search for truth abouthuman nature in his own life if his analysis of Freudian error is to be acontribution to the building of a science of human nature. This monograph is not primarily adversarial in structure. Truth willstand on its own feet, just as error will die of its own weight. Although Irepeatedly point out that Freud made significant and undermining errors,I am doing this to emphasize that every thinker in the human field neednot be lost in the same way. I am primarily interested in creating a bridgefor the communication of my own insights. Polemic writing alwaysmakes for easier comprehension, and no one has ever accused me in thepast of presenting psychological material in a fashion that makes it goodvacation reading.
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