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唐代刑事訴訟慣例研究 讀者對(duì)象:法學(xué)、中國史等領(lǐng)域?qū)W者及相關(guān)專業(yè)的研究生、本科生
本書以唐代刑事訴訟慣例為主要研究對(duì)象,通過對(duì)訴訟主體、告訴、審判、執(zhí)行等領(lǐng)域的專題研究,基本查明了唐代刑事訴訟慣例生成、運(yùn)行與發(fā)展的基本情況,勾勒出中國傳統(tǒng)訴訟法律文明中制度、慣例、觀念三位一體、協(xié)調(diào)互動(dòng)的運(yùn)作格局,展示了我國傳統(tǒng)訴訟法制文化演進(jìn)、發(fā)達(dá)之概觀與規(guī)律。
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目錄
第一篇 總論 第一章 總論(3) 第一節(jié) 緣起與研究意義(3) 一、緣起(3) 二、相關(guān)概念釋義(8) 三、研究意義(17) 第二節(jié) 研究現(xiàn)狀述評(píng)(19) 一、訴訟法制通論研究(19) 二、唐代訴訟專題研究(23) 三、唐代訴訟慣例研究(28) 四、唐代法律形式研究(30) 五、出土訴訟文書研究(35) 六、訴訟法律文化研究(39) 第三節(jié) 訴訟慣例之文化基礎(chǔ)(41) 一、德本刑用(43) 二、一準(zhǔn)乎禮(46) 三、得古今之平(50) 第四節(jié) 研究思路與創(chuàng)新之處(56) 一、研究思路(56) 二、創(chuàng)新之處(56) 第五節(jié) 主要研究方法(58) 一、史料考訂法(58) 二、二重證據(jù)法(58) 三、文史互證法(59) 四、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析法(60) 第六節(jié) 主要研究資料(60) 一、正史編年類(61) 二、政書典制類(62) 三、律令詔敕類(62) 四、類書類(64) 五、詩文稗史類(64) 六、出土文獻(xiàn)類(65) 第二篇 特殊主體與訴訟慣例 引言(69) 第二章 婦女(71) 第一節(jié) 代訴職能(72) 第二節(jié) 申訴職能(76) 第三節(jié) 參與訴訟(81) 一、刑事被告人(82) 二、被害人(84) 三、證人(86) 第四節(jié) 收孥女眷(89) 一、收孥歷史淵源(89) 二、唐代沒官制度(91) 三、收孥婦女放免(96) 第五節(jié) 配流安置(99) 一、配流(99) 二、安置(102) 本章小結(jié)(106) 第三章 奴仆(108) 第一節(jié) 賤口告主之立法演進(jìn)(109) 第二節(jié) 私賤家人身份之解析(114) 第三節(jié) 私賤告主之罪名類型(118) 一、謀反(118) 二、謀叛(118) 三、間諜(119) 四、厭魅(119) 五、贓污(120) 六、謀殺(120) 七、其他(121) 第四節(jié) 賤口告主案件之處置(121) 一、貰主罰奴(122) 二、貰奴罰主(122) 三、殺奴罰主(123) 第五節(jié) 賤口告主現(xiàn)象之原因(124) 一、奴仆泄憤(124) 二、君主權(quán)謀(125) 三、朋黨傾軋(126) 第六節(jié) 賤口告主立法之流變(126) 本章小結(jié)(129) 第四章 鄰里(130) 第一節(jié) 鄰伍相保制度(131) 第二節(jié) 鄰伍救助義務(wù)(134) 第三節(jié) 鄰伍舉告義務(wù)(135) 第四節(jié) 鄰人訴訟類型(140) 一、鄰人舉告(141) 二、鄰人涉訴(143) 第五節(jié) 鄰伍證明義務(wù)(144) 第六節(jié) 鄰伍連帶責(zé)任(146) 本章小結(jié)(151) 第三篇 告訴慣例研究 引言(155) 第五章 告訴原則(157) 第一節(jié) 強(qiáng)制告訴原則(157) 一、謀反大逆隨近密告(157) 二、尊親被害限期告發(fā)(158) 三、被害之家及鄰伍告發(fā)(158) 第二節(jié) 限制告訴原則(159) 一、身份限制(159) 二、程序限制(162) 第三節(jié) 禁止告訴原則(163) 一、禁止囚徒告舉他事(163) 二、禁止以赦前事告(164) 三、禁止越訴(165) 四、禁止誣告(166) 第四節(jié) 告訴才處理原則(167) 本章小結(jié)(168) 第六章 彈劾(169) 第一節(jié) 彈劾慣例之演進(jìn)(169) 第二節(jié) 彈劾程序之變遷(172) 一、專奏御前(173) 二、豸冠朱衣(175) 三、對(duì)仗彈劾(176) 第三節(jié) 彈劾案件之處置(178) 一、羈押(179) 二、審判(179) 三、雜按(180) 四、處置(182) 本章小結(jié)(184) 附錄(185) 第七章 詣臺(tái)訴事(190) 第一節(jié) 御史臺(tái)受理詞訟權(quán)力的獲得(190) 第二節(jié) 御史臺(tái)受事推案制度的完善(193) 第三節(jié) 臺(tái)使外赴地方推案制度述略(195) 第四節(jié) 唐御史臺(tái)訴訟審級(jí)地位檢討(198) 本章小結(jié)(200) 第八章 舉告(201) 第一節(jié) 舉告訴因(203) 一、檢舉(203) 二、仇隙(204) 三、陷害(204) 第二節(jié) 舉告程序(205) 一、告訴(205) 二、羈押(208) 三、審判(210) 第三節(jié) 舉告賞格(211) 一、金融犯罪(214) 二、財(cái)稅犯罪(217) 三、其他犯罪(218) 本章小結(jié)(220) 第九章 告密(222) 第一節(jié) 告密制度之流變(222) 第二節(jié) 告密案件之管轄(224) 第三節(jié) 告密方式之演進(jìn)(228) 一、書狀告密(228) 二、言詞告密(230) 第四節(jié) 告密案件之審理(232) 一、羈押與刑訊(232) 二、鞫問與雜按(233) 第五節(jié) 告密規(guī)則之特征(235) 一、默許越級(jí)直訴(235) 二、受理奴婢告主(236) 三、特許逾制告密(236) 本章小結(jié)(237) 第十章 上訴(239) 第一節(jié) 逐級(jí)上訴(239) 第二節(jié) 臨刑訴冤(245) 第三節(jié) 親識(shí)代訴(253) 一、代訴案件管轄權(quán)諸司分掌(254) 二、代訴者實(shí)質(zhì)擁有越訴特權(quán)(257) 三、代訴時(shí)效及終審尚無限制(261) 本章小結(jié)(263) 第四篇 審判慣例研究 第十一章 雜治(267) 第一節(jié) 雜治規(guī)則演進(jìn)歷程(267) 第二節(jié) 雜治三省地位變遷(270) 第三節(jié) 雜治與三司之關(guān)系(275) 第四節(jié) 雜治程序運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)(280) 一、群臣雜治主導(dǎo)唐代會(huì)審(280) 二、御史臺(tái)雜治地位優(yōu)越(282) 三、中晚唐雜治地位漸衰(283) 本章小結(jié)(287) 第十二章 集議(288) 第一節(jié) 疑罪集議(289) 一、罪與非罪(290) 二、此罪與彼罪(291) 第二節(jié) 量刑集議(293) 一、死刑(293) 二、從坐(296) 三、赦宥(298) 四、八議(299) 第三節(jié) 禮法集議(302) 一、改謚(302) 二、禁婚(303) 三、私忌(304) 四、復(fù)仇(305) 第四節(jié) 造法集議(312) 一、政策議定(312) 二、律文疏解(313) 三、個(gè)案辯駁(314) 第五節(jié) 集議程序(315) 一、啟動(dòng)途徑(315) 二、參議人員(317) 三、集議方式(320) 本章小結(jié)(324) 第十三章 復(fù)審(326) 第一節(jié) 復(fù)審程序之歷史源流(326) 第二節(jié) 唐代復(fù)審程序之完善(329) 第三節(jié) 刑部復(fù)審之主導(dǎo)地位(332) 一、依律復(fù)審(334) 二、原情復(fù)審(335) 三、疑獄復(fù)審(337) 第四節(jié) 州司復(fù)審之監(jiān)督職能(338) 第五節(jié) 遣使復(fù)審之再覆職能(342) 一、御史復(fù)審(342) 二、三司復(fù)審(343) 三、特使復(fù)審(344) 本章小結(jié)(346) 第十四章 昭雪(348) 第一節(jié) 昭雪之發(fā)展脈絡(luò)(348) 第二節(jié) 昭雪之實(shí)際運(yùn)行(355) 一、神龍昭雪(355) 二、運(yùn)行程序(358) 三、冤案問責(zé)(365) 第三節(jié) 昭雪制度之異化(366) 本章小結(jié)(370) 第五篇 執(zhí)行慣例研究 引言(375) 第十五章 笞刑(377) 第一節(jié) 笞罰施用范疇之界定(378) 第二節(jié) 中古笞刑地位之升降(382) 一、秦至漢初(382) 二、文景至魏初(383) 三、兩晉至隋(384) 第三節(jié) 唐代笞刑之實(shí)施類型(385) 一、正刑(385) 二、附加刑(388) 三、行政處罰(390) 四、笞殺(391) 第四節(jié) 笞刑施用規(guī)則(392) 本章小結(jié)(396) 第十六章 加役流(398) 第一節(jié) 唐代加役流之確立(398) 第二節(jié) 本罪直接以加役流量刑(402) 一、依據(jù)特定行為方式直接量刑(403) 二、特定主體結(jié)合行為方式量刑(404) 第三節(jié) 比照他罪減死科加役流(407) 一、以闌入論,減死科加役流(407) 二、以斗殺傷論,減死科加役流(408) 三、以驛使稽程論,減死科加役流(411) 四、以枉法論,減死科加役流(411) 五、以乏軍興論,減死科加役流(413) 六、以竊盜論,減死科加役流(413) 七、以強(qiáng)盜論,減死科加役流(414) 八、以故入人罪論,減死科加役流(414) 第四節(jié) 加役流適用規(guī)則之變遷(416) 第五節(jié) 兩宋加役流之變化(420) 一、加役流在經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪領(lǐng)域之適用(421) 二、加役流在職務(wù)犯罪領(lǐng)域之適用(422) 本章小結(jié)(424) 第十七章 長流(426) 第一節(jié) 唐代長流之創(chuàng)制(427) 第二節(jié) 長流之放逐區(qū)域(434) 第三節(jié) 長流之施行程序(439) 一、除名(439) 二、決杖(440) 三、發(fā)遣(441) 四、錮身(442) 五、程糧(443) 六、著籍(444) 第四節(jié) 長流人犯之處置(445) 一、長流政策之變遷(445) 二、長流人敘用轉(zhuǎn)遷(447) 三、流人滯留與賜死(449) 第五節(jié) 唐代長流之影響(452) 本章小結(jié)(455) 第十八章 賜死(456) 引言(456) 第一節(jié) 唐代賜死執(zhí)行程序(458) 一、發(fā)布敕令(458) 二、宣詔監(jiān)刑(460) 三、行刑方式(462) 第二節(jié) 賜死規(guī)則實(shí)質(zhì)要件(464) 一、賜死場所(464) 二、臨刑優(yōu)崇(466) 三、奉敕安葬(467) 第三節(jié) 唐代賜死涉案罪名(469) 一、十惡重罪(469) 二、經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪(472) 三、其他犯罪(475) 第四節(jié) 唐代賜死規(guī)則之特征(488) 一、賜死與唐代政治密切相關(guān)(488) 二、賜死對(duì)死刑規(guī)則多有變通(490) 三、唐代賜死對(duì)后世影響深遠(yuǎn)(491) 本章小結(jié)(493) 結(jié)語(494) 一、規(guī)則繼受與變遷(494) 二、規(guī)則創(chuàng)制與適用(494) 三、訴訟制度與慣例(495) 參考文獻(xiàn)(496) 索引(517) 鳴謝(520) Contents Volume 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction(3) 1.1 The Reason and Significance of Choosing the Topic(3) 1.1.1 Reason of the Research(3) 1.1.2 The Meaning of Related Terms(8) 1.1.3 The Significance of the Research(17) 1.2 Review of Relevant Issues(19) 1.2.1 Research on Principle of Litigation Systemin the Tang Dynasty(19) 1.2.2 Research on Litigation System Project in the Tang Dynasty(23) 1.2.3 Research on Litigation Practices in the Tang Dynasty(28) 1.2.4 Research on Form of Law in the Tang Dynasty(30) 1.2.5 Research on Unearthed Litigation Documents(35) 1.2.6 Research on Litigation Legal Culture(39) 1.3 Cultural Basis of the Criminal Litigation Practices(41) 1.3.1 “De Ben Xing Yong”(43) 1.3.2 “Yi Zhun Hu Li”(46) 1.3.3 “De Gu Jin Zhi Ping”(50) 1.4 Research Route and Innovation(56) 1.4.1 Research Route(56) 1.4.2 Innovation(56) 1.5 The Main Research Methods(58) 1.5.1 Research Methods of Historical Data(58) 1.5.2 Research Methods of Historical and Archaeological Data Prove Each Other(58) 1.5.3 Research Methods of Historical Data and the Literature Prove Each Other(59) 1.5.4 Research Methods of Statistical Analysis(60) 1.6 The Main Research Data(60) 1.6.1 The Official History and Annals(61) 1.6.2 Zheng-shu and Institution(62) 1.6.3 Code and Imperial Edicts(62) 1.6.4 Lei-shu(64) 1.6.5 Poetry and Legend(64) 1.6.6 Archaeological Data(65) Volume 2 Special Subject and Litigation Practice Introduction(69) Chapter 2 Women(71) 2.1 Litigation Agent Function(72) 2.2 The Appeal Function(76) 2.3 Participate in the Lawsuit(81) 2.3.1 The Criminal Defendant(82) 2.3.2 The Victim(84) 2.3.3 The Witness(86) 2.4 Arrest Female Relatives(89) 2.4.1 The Historical Origin of Shou-nu(89) 2.4.2 Mo-guan in the Tang Dynasty(91) 2.4.3 Exemption from the Responsibility of Women(96) 2.5 Exile and An-zhi(99) 2.5.1 Exile(99) 2.5.2 An-zhi(102) The Summary of this Chapter(106) Chapter 3 Private Servants(108) 3.1 Legislative History of Private Servants Against Master(109) 3.2 The Identity of Private Servants(114) 3.3 Charges of Private Servants Against Master(118) 3.3.1 Rebellion(118) 3.3.2 Defected(118) 3.3.3 Spy(119) 3.3.4 Sorcery(119) 3.3.5 Corruption(120) 3.3.6 Murder(120) 3.3.7 Others(121) 3.4 The Case Processing of Private Servants Against Master(121) 3.4.1 Pardon the Master and Punish Servants(122) 3.4.2 Pardon Servants and Punish the Master(122) 3.4.3 Kill Servants and Punish the Master(123) 3.5 The Cause of the Phenomenon of Private Servants Against Their Master(124) 3.5.1 Slaves to Vent Anger(124) 3.5.2 The Monarch to Cast Politics(125) 3.5.3 Cliques Fighting with Each Other(126) 3.6 The Development of the Legislation of Private Slaves Against Master(126) The Summary of this Chapter(129) Chapter 4 Neighbors(130) 4.1 Neighbor Mutually Prosecution System(131) 4.2 Rescue Obligations between Neighbors(134) 4.3 Reporting Obligations between Neighbors(135) 4.4 The Type of Litigation between Neighbors(140) 4.4.1 Neighbors Report(141) 4.4.2 Neighbors Involved in Litigation(143) 4.5 Proof Obligations between Neighbors(144) 4.6 Joint and Several Liability of Neighbors(146) The Summary of this Chapter(151) Volume 3 Research on Litigation Practice Introduction(155) Chapter 5 Litigation Principle(157) 5.1 Mandatory Prosecution Principle(157) 5.1.1 Rebellion Case Nearby Secret System of Prosecution(157) 5.1.2 Statue of Relatives Killed Report within a Time Limit(158) 5.1.3 The Victim's Family and Neighbors Prosecution(158) 5.2 Limit Principle of Prosecution(159) 5.2.1 The Identity Restrictions(159) 5.2.2 The Program Restrictions(162) 5.3 The Principle of Banning Prosecution(163) 5.3.1 Banned Prisoners to Prosecute(163) 5.3.2 Pardon before the Criminal Prosecution is Prohibited(164) 5.3.3 Ban beyond Level Prosecution(165) 5.3.4 Prohibit False Accusation(166) 5.4 A Lawsuit Accepted Only When Prosecuted(167) The Summary of this Chapter(168) Chapter 6 Impeachment(169) 6.1 The Evolution of Impeachment Practices(169) 6.2 The Changes of the Impeachment Proceedings(172) 6.2.1 Report to the Emperor(173) 6.2.2 Wear Xie-zhi Crowns and Put on the Clothes of the Judge(175) 6.2.3 Open the Impeachment(176) 6.3 Impeachment Trial Procedures(178) 6.3.1 Held(179) 6.3.2 Trial(179) 6.3.3 Multiple trials(180) 6.3.4 Sentencing(182) The Summary of this Chapter(184) Appendix(185) Chapter 7 To Yu-shi-tai Prosecution(190) 7.1 Yu-shi-tai Gain the Power of the Trial(190) 7.2 The Improvement of the Yu-shi-tai Judicial System(193) 7.3 Hosted by Envoys Trial System(195) 7.4 The Level of Yu-shi-tai in Tang Dynasty(198) The Summary of this Chapter(200) Chapter 8 Prosecution(201) 8.1 The Reason of Prosecution(203) 8.1.1 Impeach(203) 8.1.2 Hostility(204) 8.1.3 False Accusation(204) 8.2 Proceeding of Prosecution(205) 8.2.1 Prosecution(205) 8.2.2 Custody(208) 8.2.3 Judgment(210) 8.3 Reward Standard for Prosecution(211) 8.3.1 Financial Crime(214) 8.3.2 Fiscal and Taxation Crime(217) 8.3.3 Other Crimes(218) The Summary of this Chapter(220) Chapter 9 Snitching(222) 9.1 The Development of the System of Snitching(222) 9.2 Jurisdiction of Snitching Cases(224) 9.3 The Evolution of Snitching(228) 9.3.1 Written Form(228) 9.3.2 Oral Tales(230) 9.4 Trial Procedure of Informers Case(232) 9.4.1 Custody and Interrogation(232) 9.4.2 Interrogation and Trial(233) 9.5 The Characteristics of Whistle Blowing Rules(235) 9.5.1 Allow Direct Reports to the Emperor(235) 9.5.2 Accept the Case about Slaves Against Master(236) 9.5.3 Snitch Allowed in Violation of Regulations(236) The Summary of this Chapter(237) Chapter 10 Appeal(239) 10.1 Step by Step to Appeal(239) 10.2 Confession before Death(245) 10.3 Relatives Agent Appeal(253) 10.3.1 Multiple Judicial Organ Respectively in Charge of the Jurisdiction of the Appeals(254) 10.3.2 The Agent Has the Privilege to Appeal(257) 10.3.3 No Limitation of Proxy Appeal and the Final Trial(261) The Summary of this Chapter(263) Volume 4 Research on Judgment Practice Chapter 11 Joint Hearing System(267) 11.1 The Development of Joint Hearing System(267) 11.2 Status Change in Joint Hearing System(270) 11.3 The Relationship Between Joint Hearing System and San-si-tui-shi(275) 11.4 The Characteristics of Joint Hearing System(280) 11.4.1 Joint Hearing System Dominant Judgment in Tang Dynasty(280) 11.4.2 Yu-shi-tai Position Being Very Superior in Joint Hearing System(282) 11.4.3 The Status of Joint Hearing System Gradual Decline in Middle-late Tang Dynasty(283) The Summary of This Chapter(287) Chapter 12 Discussion(288) 12.1 The Discussion of Difficult Cases(289) 12.1.1 Crime and Non-crime(290) 12.1.2 This Crime From That Crime(291) 12.2 Discussion of Sentencing(293) 12.2.1 Death Penalty(293) 12.2.2 Implication(296) 12.2.3 Forgiveness(298) 12.2.4 Ba-yi(299) 12.3 The Discussion About the Etiquette(302) 12.3.1 Changing Posthumous Name(302) 12.3.2 No Marriage(303) 12.3.3 Private Death Anniversary(304) 12.3.4 Revenge(305) 12.4 The Discussion of the Legislation(312) 12.4.1 Policy Discussion(312) 12.4.2 Law Interpretation(313) 12.4.3 Case Dispute(314) 12.5 Agenda(315) 12.5.1 Enablement(315) 12.5.2 Participation in Discussion(317) 12.5.3 Rules of Discussion(320) The Summary of This Chapter(324) Chapter 13 Judicial Review(326) 13.1 The Development of Judicial Review(326) 13.2 The Improvement of Judicial Review in Tang Dynasty(329) 13.3 The Status of Punishment Ministry of Judicial Review(332) 13.3.1 Judicial Review According to Law(334) 13.3.2 Judicial Review According to Ethic(335) 13.3.3 Judicial Review According to Hard Cases(337) 13.4 The Supervision Function of State Judicial Review(338) 13.5 The Supervision Function of Envoy Judicial Review(342) 13.5.1 Yu-shi Judicial Review(342) 13.5.2 San-si Judicial Review(343) 13.5.3 Special Envoy Judicial Review(344) The Summary of This Chapter(346) Chapter 14 Rehabilitation(348) 14.1 The Development of Rehabilitation(348) 14.2 Actual Operation of Rehabilitation(355) 14.2.1 Rehabilitation in Shen-long Period (355) 14.2.2 Operational Procedure of Rehabilitation(358) 14.2.3 System of Accountability(365) 14.3 The Alienation of Rehabilitation(366) The Summary of This Chapter(370) Volume 5 Research on Execution Practice Introduction(375) Chapter 15 Whipping(377) 15.1 The Scope of Whipping(378) 15.2 Changes in the Status of Whipping in Medieval China (382) 15.2.1 Qin Dynasty to Early Part of Han Dynasty(382) 15.2.2 Wen-jing Period to Early Part of Cao-wei Dynasty(383) 15.2.3 Jin Dynasty to Sui Dynasty(384) 15.3 The Type of Whipping in Tang Dynasty(385) 15.3.1 Principal Punishments(385) 15.3.2 Supplementary Punishments(388) 15.3.3 Administrative Punishments(390) 15.3.4 The Death Penalty(391) 15.4 Application of Whipping(392) The Summary of this Chapter(396) Chapter 16 Jia-yi-liu(398) 16.1 The Establishment of Jia-yi-liu(398) 16.2 According to Jia-yi-liu Sentencing Directly (402) 16.2.1 According to the Specific Behavior Directly Determining the Penalty(403) 16.2.2 Specific Subject Combining Behaviors Determining the Punishment(404) 16.3 In Comparison to Other Charges Sin Exempt From the Death Penalty(407) 16.3.1 According to Lan-ru Punishment, Sentenced to Jia-yi-liu(407) 16.3.2 According to Dou-sha-shang Punishment, Sentenced to Jia-yi-liu(408) 16.3.3 According to Yi-shi-ji-cheng Punishment, Sentenced to Jia-yi-liu(411) 16.3.4 According to Violating the Law Punishment, Sentenced to Jia-yi-liu(411) 16.3.5 According to Fa-jun-xing Punishment, Sentenced to Jia-yi-liu(413) 16.3.6 According to Theft Punishment, Sentenced to Jia-yi-liu(413) 16.3.7 According to Robbery Punishment, Sentenced to Jia-yi-liu(414) 16.3.8 According to Gu-ru-ren-zui Punishment, Sentenced to Jia-yi-liu(414) 16.4 The Development of Applicable Rules of Jia-yi-liu(416) 16.5 The Development of Jia-yi-liu in Song Dynasty(420) 16.5.1 Application of Jia-yi-liu in the Field of Economic Crime(421) 16.5.2 Application of Jia-yi-liu in the Field of Duty Crime(422) The Summary of This Chapter(424) Chapter 17 Exiled to the Most Remote Places(426) 17.1 The Creation of the Exile in Tang Dynasty (427) 17.2 Exile Area(434) 17.3 Exile Program(439) 17.3.1 Removing Name From the Rolls(439) 17.3.2 Flogging With a Stick(440) 17.3.3 Repatriate(441) 17.3.4 Wearing Tortures(442) 17.3.5 Distance and Food(443) 17.3.6 Registered Account(444) 17.4 The Management of the Criminals(445) 17.4.1 The Changes of the Policy of Exile(445) 17.4.2 The Release and Promotion of the Prisoners(447) 17.4.3 The Criminal Detention and Suicide by a Sovereign Order(449) 17.5 The Influence of the Exile(452) The Summary of This Chapter(455) Chapter 18 Suicide by a Sovereign Order(456) Introduction(456) 18.1 The Program of Suicide by a Sovereign Order in Tang Dynasty(458) 18.1.1 Issuing a Decree(458) 18.1.2 Executing the Criminal Punishment(460) 18.1.3 The Way of Suicide by a Sovereign Order(462) 18.2 The Elements of Suicide by a Sovereign Order(464) 18.2.1 The Place of Suicide by a Sovereign Order(464) 18.2.2 Special Treatment of Suicide by a Sovereign Order(466) 18.2.3 According to the Emperor's Command for Burial(467) 18.3 Crimes of Suicide by a Sovereign Order(469) 18.3.1 Shi-e(469) 18.3.2 Economic Crime(472) 18.3.3 Other Crimes(475) 18.4 The Characteristics of the Rules of Suicide by a Sovereign Order(488) 18.4.1 Closely Related to Politics in Tang Dynasty(488) 18.4.2 Flexible System of Death Penalty(490) 18.4.3 Having a Profound Effect on Later Generations(491) The Summary of This Chapter(493) Conclusion(494) 1. Inheritance and Change of Procedure Rules(494) 2. Creating and Using of Procedure Rules(494) 3. Litigation Law and Litigation Practice(495) References(496) Index (517) Acknowledgments(520)
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