Contents
Introduction 1
SECTION A Focusing: Greater Clarity for Definitions and Theories 5
1 Bringing Order out of Chaos: Definitions and Features of Language Learning Strategies 7
2 The Soul of L2 Learning Strategies: Self-Regulation, Agency, Autonomy, and Associated Factors in the Strategic Self-Regulation (S2R) Model 65
3 Context, Complexity, and Learning Strategies: Recognizing the Crucial Triad 101
SECTION B Flexibility and Function: Understanding L2 Learning Strategies According to Their Roles in Context 139
4 Strategy Role Flexibility, Denial of Dualisms, and Metastrategies in Context 141
5 The Multiple Self: Self-Regulation Strategies for Cognitive, Motivational, and Social Domains 170
6 The Multiple Self, Continued: Emotion Self-Regulation Strategies 213
SECTION C Live Applications: Strategies in the Skill Areas and the Language Subsystems 241
7 Strategies for L2 Grammar and Vocabulary in Context 243
8 Strategies for L2 Reading and Writing in Context 272
9 Strategies for Listening, Phonology, Pronunciation, Speaking/Oral Communication, and Pragmatics in Context 289
SECTION D Innovations: Strategy Instruction, Assessment, and Research 307
10 Innovations (and Potential Innovations) in Strategy Instruction, Strategy Assessment, and Strategy Research 309
Postscript: Brief Summary of the Strategic Self-Regulation (S2R) Theory 339
Appendix A: Definitions of and Comments about Second Language, Foreign Language, and Other Associated Terms 341
Appendix B: Sources of Quotations in Epigraphs 345
About the Author 348
Index 349