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《結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新與可持續(xù)發(fā)展：土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展國際研討會論文集（套裝共2冊）（英文版）》為“土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新與可持續(xù)發(fā)展論壇論文集”，英文版。全書分為上下兩冊，《結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新與可持續(xù)發(fā)展：土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展國際研討會論文集（套裝共2冊）（英文版）》是在“鋼筋混凝土及預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土基本理論國際學(xué)術(shù)研討會”的基礎(chǔ)上集結(jié)而成。在該會議上，10位國際著名學(xué)者做了大會主題報告，14位國際知名學(xué)者做了邀請報告，100多位代表做了專題報告，國際結(jié)構(gòu)混凝土協(xié)會FIB主席G.Mancini教授也專程從意大利趕來參加會議。大會就土木工程新材料及其應(yīng)用、工程結(jié)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)的耐久性和健康監(jiān)測、結(jié)構(gòu)防災(zāi)及減災(zāi)性能研究等議題進(jìn)行了充分的研討與交流。

    Abstract： The present study concerns the quantification of the environmental factors influencing the durability of concrete structures under on-site frost environments， including the number of freeze-thaw cycles， average freezing rate and time proportional coefficient of water saturation in concrete.  A statistical method is put forward to get the on-site freeze-thaw cycles by using the average annual number of negative-temperature days as an index.  In addition， a practical formula is obtained to predict the natural freeze-thaw cycles accordingly. Then， a conceptual approach considering the time proportion of concrete in saturated condition is proposed for general atmospheric environment.  According to the average freezing rate in the freezing and thawing， the proportional coefficient of concrete damage in different freeze-thaw environments is obtained. Based on the aforementioned factors， relationship between different freeze-thaw environmental conditions is established.  As
    an example， procedure of predicting the equivalent number of laboratory freeze-thaw cycles from on-site freeze-thaw cycles is given. Thus， the relationship between on-site environment and indoor experiment is established.
    Keywords： Concrete durability， number of freeze-thaw cycles， time period of saturation， proportional
    coefficient of concrete damage， equivalent laboratory freeze-thaw cycle number
    1 INTRODUCTION
    Concrete structures built in frost environment， subjected to iteration of freezing and thawing， may suffer seriousdurability problems. Concrete damage induced by freezing and thawing can be classified two types： internal damage and surface damage （ Lay et al. ， 2003） .  Internal damage occurs when pore water inside the concrete freezes. Water expands when it freezes， and then the concrete cracks as a result of the expansion stress.  Surface damage is common in concrete structures subjected to the combined action of freezing-thawing and salt solution which leads to concrete scaling at local weak places. The study focuses on the first kind of damage-the freezing and thawing without participation of salt.
    In different freeze-thaw environments， the number of freeze-thaw cycles， the average freezing rate， the lowest freezing temperature and the proportional coefficient of water saturation time for concrete during the freezing and thawing are different. With these differences， on site data m one environment can't be used as a reference for the prediction and assessment of the freeze-thaw durability of concrete structures in another environment. Also， because of the huge differences between field and laboratory freeze-thaw environment， a number of standard freeze-thaw test data is difficult to be applied directly to predict the on-site freeze-thaw durability of concrete. With these considerations， relationship between different freeze-thaw environments including the relationship between field and laboratory environments is necessary for the qualification and distinction of the effect degree of different freeze-thaw environments.
    With the discussions of freeze-thaw cycle number， freezing rate and time period of freezing， time of concrete in saturated condition， the quantification of the environmental factors influencing the durability of concrete structures under on-site frost environments are obtained. Accordingly， relationship between different freeze-thaw environmental conditions is established.  The result is useful for predictions， assessments and quantitive design of concrete durability.  Obviously， the test data in one specific area can be used in other areas with different environmental characteristics under the condition of lacking tested data.
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