2021年,劣跡斑斑的美國(guó)人權(quán)狀況進(jìn)一步惡化。政治操弄導(dǎo)致新冠肺炎死亡病例激增,槍擊事件致死人數(shù)再創(chuàng)新高,虛假民主踐踏民眾政治權(quán)利,暴力執(zhí)法讓移民難民的處境更加艱難,針對(duì)少數(shù)族裔特別是亞裔的歧視攻擊愈演愈烈。與此同時(shí),美國(guó)單邊主義行徑在全球制造了新的人道災(zāi)難。
美國(guó)新冠肺炎確診病例達(dá)3451萬(wàn)例,死亡病例達(dá)48萬(wàn)例,遠(yuǎn)超2020年,兩項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)均居世界各國(guó)之首。人均預(yù)期壽命減少1.13歲,是自二戰(zhàn)以來(lái)的最大降幅。
美國(guó)社會(huì)治安形勢(shì)惡化,暴力犯罪居高不下。全年共發(fā)生693起大規(guī)模槍擊事件,比2020年增長(zhǎng)10.1%。槍擊事件導(dǎo)致超過(guò)4.4萬(wàn)人喪生。
美國(guó)有49個(gè)州提出超過(guò)420項(xiàng)限制選民投票的法案,只有7%的美國(guó)年輕人認(rèn)為美國(guó)民主制度尚屬健康,民眾對(duì)政府的信任度接近1958年以來(lái)的歷史低點(diǎn)。
81%的亞裔成年人認(rèn)為針對(duì)亞裔群體的暴力行為正在增多。紐約市針對(duì)亞裔的仇恨犯罪比2020年猛增361%。59%的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為少數(shù)族裔難以擁有平等的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
2021財(cái)年,美國(guó)在南部邊境拘留了170多萬(wàn)移民,其中包括4.5萬(wàn)名兒童。暴力執(zhí)法奪走557人生命,比上一財(cái)年增長(zhǎng)一倍多,為1998年以來(lái)最高值。
美軍撤離阿富汗時(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)的空襲,造成一戶阿富汗家庭10人被炸死,其中包括7名兒童,最小的年僅兩歲。美國(guó)在關(guān)塔那摩監(jiān)獄仍關(guān)押著39人。
聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)特別報(bào)告員費(fèi)爾南德瓦雷納強(qiáng)調(diào),美國(guó)人權(quán)保障法律體系既不全面,也早已過(guò)時(shí),并導(dǎo)致日益嚴(yán)重的不平等。針對(duì)美國(guó)借人權(quán)之名在他國(guó)制造人權(quán)災(zāi)難的惡劣做法,哈佛大學(xué)國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)教授斯蒂芬沃爾特尖銳指出,美國(guó)必須首先解決國(guó)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題,并重新思考如何與世界其他國(guó)家打交道。①2021年,美國(guó)人權(quán)衛(wèi)士人設(shè)徹底崩塌,打著維護(hù)人權(quán)幌子的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民主峰會(huì)淪為鬧劇。眾多國(guó)家在聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)第四十八屆會(huì)議上譴責(zé)美國(guó)是世界人權(quán)事業(yè)最大的破壞者,并敦促美國(guó)解決自身嚴(yán)重人權(quán)問(wèn)題。
The human rights situation in the United States, which has notorious records, worsened in 2021. Political manipulation led to a sharp surge in COVID-19 deaths; Shooting deaths hit a new record; Fake democracy trampled on peoples political rights; Violent law enforcement made life harder for migrants and refugees; Discrimination against ethnic minority groups, especially Asians, intensified. In the meantime, unilateral U.S. actions created new humanitarian crises across the globe.
The United States has the worlds highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths, with 34.51 million confirmed cases and 480,000 fatalities, which far surpassed the numbers in 2020. Average life expectancy fell by 1.13 years, the biggest drop since the Second World War.
Public security situation in the United States deteriorated and violent crimes remained prevalent. There were 693 mass shootings in 2021, up 10.1 percent from 2020. More than 44,000 people were killed in gun violence.
More than 420 bills with provisions of restrict voting access have been introduced in 49 U.S. states. Only 7 percent of young Americans view the country as a healthy democracy, while public trust in the government has fallen to almost a historical low since 1958.
Around 81 percent of Asian American adults said violence against Asian communities is rising. Hate crimes against Asians in the New York City jumped 361 percent from 2020. Fifty-nine percent of Americans said ethnic minority groups do not have equal job opportunities.
In fiscal year 2021, the United States detained more than 1.7 million migrants at its southern border, including 45,000 children. Violent law enforcement claimed 557 lives, the highest number since 1998, which more than doubled that of the previous fiscal year.
A U.S. drone strike during its withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan killed 10 members of an Afghan family, including seven children, among which the youngest was only two years old. The United States still held 39 detainees at the Guantanamo prison.
Fernand de Varennes, a special rapporteur on minority issues of the United Nations, said the U.S. legal system of human rights protection is incomplete and outdated, which has led to growing inequality.
As for the U.S. malpractice in creating human rights crises in other countries in the name of human rights, Stephen Walt, a professor of international relations at Harvard University, said, Americans must first fix what has gone wrong at home and rethink how they deal with the rest of the world.
In 2021, the U.S. public persona of human rights defender was totally debunked as the so-called Summit for Democracy under the guise of safeguarding human rights became a farce. At the 48th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council, many countries blasted the United States for being the biggest destroyer of human rights in the world and urged the country to address its own severe human rights violations.
Foreword
序 言
I. A Heavy Price for U.S. Epidemic Prevention and Control
一、操弄疫情防控付出慘痛代價(jià)
II. Entrenched Violent Thinking Threatens Lives
二、固守暴力思維威脅生命安全
III. Playing with Fake Democracy Tramples on Political Rights
三、玩弄虛假民主踐踏政治權(quán)利
IV. Indulging in Racial Discrimination Exacerbates Social Injustice
四、放縱種族歧視加劇社會(huì)不公
V. Creating a Migrant Crisis Against Humanity
五、背離人道主義制造移民危機(jī)
VI. Abuse of Force and Sanctions Violates Human Rights in Other Countries
六、濫用武力制裁侵犯他國(guó)人權(quán)