Preface iii
About the Authors xi
PART 1 DC Circuits 2
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts 3
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Systems of Units 5
1.3 Charge and Current 6
1.4 Voltage 9
1.5 Power and Energy 10
1.6 Circuit Elements 14
1.7 Problem Solving 16
Chapter 2 Basic Laws 23
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Ohm’s Law 24
2.3 Nodes, Branches, and Loops 29
2.4 Kirchhoff’s Laws 31
2.5 Series Resistors and Voltage Division 37
2.6 Parallel Resistors and Current Division 38
2.7 Wye-Delta Transformations 45
Problems 51
Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis 61
3.1 Introduction 62
3.2 Nodal Analysis 62
3.3 Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources 68
3.4 Mesh Analysis 73
3.5 Mesh Analysis with Current Sources 78
3.6 Nodal and Mesh Analyses by Inspection 80
3.7 Nodal Versus Mesh Analysis 84
Problems 85
Chapter 4 Circuit Theorems 97
4.1 Introduction 98
4.2 Linearity Property 98
4.3 Superposition 101
4.4 Source Transformation 105
4.5 Thevenin’s Theorem 109
4.6 Norton’s Theorem 115
4.7 Derivations of Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems 119
4.8 Maximum Power Transfer 120
Problems 122
Chapter 5 Operational Amplifiers 133
5.1 Introduction 134
5.2 Operational Amplifiers 134
5.3 Ideal Op Amp 138
5.4 Inverting Amplifier 139
5.5 Noninverting Amplifier 141
5.6 Summing Amplifier 143
5.7 Difference Amplifier 145
5.8 Cascaded Op Amp Circuits 148
Problems 152
Chapter 6 Capacitors and Inductors 163
6.1 Introduction 164
6.2 Capacitors 164
6.3 Series and Parallel Capacitors 170
6.4 Inductors 174
6.5 Series and Parallel Inductors 178
Problems 182
Chapter 7 First-Order Circuits 191
7.1 Introduction 192
7.2 The Source-Free RC Circuit 193
7.3 The Source-Free RL Circuit 197
7.4 Singularity Functions 203
7.5 Step Response of an RC Circuit 211
7.6 Step Response of an RL Circuit 218
Problems 222
PART 2 AC Circuits 270
Chapter 9 Sinusoids and Phasors 271
9.1 Introduction 272
9.2 Sinusoids 273
9.3 Phasors 278
9.4 Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements 287
9.5 Impedance and Admittance 289
9.6 Kirchhoff’s Laws in the Frequency Domain 291
9.7 Impedance Combinations 292
Problems 298
Chapter 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis 307
10.1 Introduction 308
10.2 Nodal Analysis 308
10.3 Mesh Analysis 311
Chapter 11 AC Power Analysis 339
11.1 Introduction 340
11.2 Instantaneous and Average Power 340
11.3 Maximum Average Power Transfer 346
11.4 E?ective or RMS Value 349
11.5 Apparent Power and Power Factor 352
11.6 Complex Power 355
11.7 Conservation of AC Power 359
11.8 Power Factor Correction 363
Problems 365
Chapter 12 Three-Phase Circuits 375
12.1 Introduction 376
12.2 Balanced Three-Phase Voltages 377
12.3 Balanced Wye-Wye Connection 381
12.4 Balanced Wye-Delta Connection 384
12.5 Balanced Delta-Delta Connection 386
12.6 Balanced Delta-Wye Connection 388
12.7 Power in a Balanced System 391
12.8 Unbalanced Three-Phase Systems 397
Problems 401
Chapter 13 Magnetically Coupled Circuits 409
13.1 Introduction 410
13.2 Mutual Inductance 411
13.3 Energy in a Coupled Circuit 418
13.4 Linear Transformers 421
13.5 Ideal Transformers 427
13.6 Ideal Autotransformers 435
13.7 Three-Phase Transformers 438
Problems 441
Chapter 14 Frequency Response 453
14.1 Introduction 454
14.2 Transfer Function 454
14.3 The Decibel Scale 457
14.4 Bode Plots 459
14.5 Series Resonance 469
14.6 Parallel Resonance 474
14.7 Passive Filters 477
14.7.1 Low-Pass Filter
14.7.2 High-Pass Filter
14.7.3 Band-Pass Filter
14.7.4 Band-Stop Filter
14.8 Active Filters 482
14.8.1 First-Order Low-Pass Filter
14.8.2 First-Order High-Pass Filter
14.8.3 Band-Pass Filter
14.8.4 Band-Reject (or Notch) Filter
14.9 Scaling 488
14.9.1 Magnitude Scaling
14.9.2 Frequency Scaling
14.9.3 Magnitude and Frequency Scaling
Problems492
Appendix A Simultaneous Equations and Matrix Inversion A-1
Appendix B Complex Numbers A-10
Appendix C Mathematical Formulas A-17
Appendix D Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems A-22