第一節(jié) Argumentation（議論文）手把手15句寫(xiě)作講解
　　二、手把手15句寫(xiě)作
　　我們用概述篇第二章中的作文題目和本篇第一章中那位5分考生的寫(xiě)作觀點(diǎn)，來(lái)講解說(shuō)明如何運(yùn)用15句框架模板寫(xiě)作。
　　題目：
　　WRITING TASK 2
　　You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
　　Write about the following topic:
　　Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer.
　　What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university?
　　Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
　　Write at least 250 words.
　　寫(xiě)作提綱：
　　觀點(diǎn)：大學(xué)應(yīng)該更注重提供與學(xué)生工作相關(guān)的技能。
　　原因1：大部分學(xué)生上大學(xué)的目的是將來(lái)好找工作。
　　原因2：工作所需的知識(shí)技能更新快，大學(xué)重視這些知識(shí)的研究也能促使學(xué)校進(jìn)步。
　　寫(xiě)首段第1句：背景介紹
　　A good beginning is half done. 首段寫(xiě)作我們要做到無(wú)錯(cuò)、清晰、快速。不要花太多時(shí)間在首段冥思苦想、字斟句酌。要把更多的時(shí)間和精彩的論證留給文章的主體段落。首段要快速完成，迅速進(jìn)入寫(xiě)作狀態(tài)！
　　Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purpose of university education.
　　現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的人關(guān)心大學(xué)教育的目的。
　　Tips:
　　還應(yīng)掌握
　　l  Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the phenomenon that...
　　l  Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purposes that university education serves.
　　l  Nowadays, more and more students are concerned about what they will learn in the universities.
　　l  Universities are one of the most important institutions in modern society.
　　如果確實(shí)很難在短時(shí)間內(nèi)想出第一句內(nèi)容，就直接表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，兩句話寫(xiě)完首段。
　　l  I agree with the view that... Reasons are as follows. 我贊同的觀點(diǎn)是……。原因如下。
　　當(dāng)然首句也有直接讓考官驚艷的高級(jí)寫(xiě)法。在下一章我會(huì)為大家介紹。
　　寫(xiě)首段第2句：交代辯論話題
　　既然是辯論話題，必然有正反雙方兩種觀點(diǎn)。正方說(shuō)這樣做合理，反方說(shuō)這樣做不合理；正方說(shuō)優(yōu)勢(shì)大，反方說(shuō)劣勢(shì)大。所以我們必須學(xué)會(huì)的句型就是表達(dá)“是否應(yīng)該……”；“是這樣……還是應(yīng)該那樣……”；或者直接寫(xiě)“一些人認(rèn)為……；另一些人認(rèn)為……”。
　　這3種寫(xiě)法考生都應(yīng)該熟練掌握，考場(chǎng)上任選其一。
　　A.“是否應(yīng)該……”
　　However, whether universities should mainly provide job-related skills to graduates is a controversial issue.
　　但是，大學(xué)是否應(yīng)該主要提供給學(xué)生與工作相關(guān)的技能是一個(gè)備受爭(zhēng)議的話題。
　　B.“是這樣……還是應(yīng)該那樣……”
　　However, whether universities should mainly provide job-related skills or pure knowledge to graduates has caused heated debate.
　　但是，大學(xué)是應(yīng)該主要提供給學(xué)生與工作相關(guān)的技能還是純粹的知識(shí)引起了激烈的爭(zhēng)議。
　　Tip: 當(dāng)然，我們可以靈活使用其他連詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)：However, what kind of knowledge and skills universities should mainly provide to graduates is a controversial issue. 但是，大學(xué)應(yīng)該主要提供給學(xué)生哪一種知識(shí)技能是一個(gè)備受爭(zhēng)議的話題。
　　C. 一些人認(rèn)為……；另一些人認(rèn)為……
　　Some people state that...; others believe that...
　　Some people state that universities should focus on giving access to knowledge; others believe that the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace are more important for university graduates.
　　一些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)應(yīng)關(guān)注提供知識(shí)；另一些人認(rèn)為工作所需的技能對(duì)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生更重要。
　　寫(xiě)首段第3句：交代你自己的寫(xiě)作觀點(diǎn)
　　在雅思考官的一些高分范文中，常常到了文章最后一段才表明觀點(diǎn)，但這對(duì)廣大中國(guó)雅思考生來(lái)說(shuō)是難以模仿的。這要求文章說(shuō)理、例證和讓步，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，最后水到渠成得出結(jié)論。閱讀者被潛移默化，贊同最后的觀點(diǎn)。而廣大考生模仿此類文章寫(xiě)出的作文，我讀起來(lái)都屬于前中部分比較迷茫，最后恍然大悟。其實(shí)準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，最后不是恍然大悟，而是恍然有所悟。于是我會(huì)批注：The position is not clear throughout.
　　既然我們的英語(yǔ)作文很難老謀深算地謀篇布局，處處伏筆，前后呼應(yīng)，那么我們就應(yīng)該在首段明確地提出寫(xiě)作觀點(diǎn)。這樣做其實(shí)給考官一點(diǎn)心理暗示，幫助他們?cè)诮酉聛?lái)讀到費(fèi)解的句子時(shí)，能通過(guò)前面你鮮明的立場(chǎng)體會(huì)出你想表達(dá)的思想或道理，讓他們?cè)陂喿x中更加輕松。
　　表達(dá)寫(xiě)作觀點(diǎn)，掌握下面幾種表達(dá)足矣：
　　In my view, ...
　　My view is that... (表語(yǔ)從句)
　　I agree with the view that... (同位語(yǔ)從句), for the following reasons.
　　例：My view is that job-related knowledge and skills should be the main focus of universities.
　　Tips: 1. 如果上一句你寫(xiě)的是“一些人認(rèn)為……；另一些人認(rèn)為……”，接下來(lái)這句也可以更簡(jiǎn)單地寫(xiě)成：I mainly agree with the former（前者）/latter（后者）view for the following reasons. 2. 不要寫(xiě)出50%對(duì)50%的完全中立的觀點(diǎn)，如：There is value in both sides. 這會(huì)給接下來(lái)的寫(xiě)作帶來(lái)困難，很容易導(dǎo)致立場(chǎng)不清晰。就好像別人問(wèn)你：“他的觀點(diǎn)是……，而她的觀點(diǎn)是……，你的觀點(diǎn)是什么？”而你回答：“我的觀點(diǎn)是他們的觀點(diǎn)都有道理�！敝挥谐�級(jí)高手才敢一開(kāi)始使用此等無(wú)賴的招數(shù)，因?yàn)樗麄兡茉诮酉聛?lái)的行文中化腐朽為神奇。
　　（……）
　　好了，文章寫(xiě)完了，我們連起來(lái)讀一遍，并檢查。檢查什么呢？請(qǐng)參考概述篇第一章中“雅思寫(xiě)作流程”的相關(guān)知識(shí)。
　　Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purpose that university education serves. However, whether they should mainly provide job-related skills or pure knowledge to graduates has caused heated debate. My view is that practical skills should be the main focus of universities.
　　First, it is clear that for most students, the purpose of receiving university education is to obtain specific knowledge and skills, which will enable them to become qualified employees in the future job market. This is because most of them, after graduation, will enter workplace, earn their living, and raise their own families. So universities, as service providers, have to give top priority to these customers’ real needs.
　　Moreover, focusing on the job-related skills can benefit the university itself. For example, the science fiction blockbuster “Avatar” has marked a milestone in the filmmaking industry and sparked massive interest in 3D technology. If a university can quickly respond, and consolidate teaching resources to offer courses regarding 3D, not only will its graduates be more competitive in the near future, but the university itself will keep pace with the modern technological development and move forward.
　　That is not to say that universities should not pay any attention to pure scientific research. There are, of course, students interested in theoretical knowledge such as math and philosophy, and will later become scientists and scholars who will make greater contributions to our society. But unfortunately these people are few.
　　In sum, the major function of universities should be providing students job-related skills, guaranteeing high rate of employment, and thus making the society function well. Meanwhile, we should not ignore the other important roles universities are undertaking. Only by doing so can universities maintain dynamic and sustainable development.
　　(288 words)
　　參考譯文：（……）

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