In 1979 China started the policy of reform and opening-up. During thesethirty years of development， the tourism industry has gained valuableexperiences in all phases of modernization， industrialization and marketization.
In 1979 China started the policy of reform and opening-up. During thesethirty years of development， the tourism industry has gained valuableexperiences in all phases of modernization， industrialization and marketization.However， in the early years， the real focus of the policy was to earn hardcurrency from the inbound tourists. Today a new strategy has been initiated todevelop the three main tourist markets——inbound， outbound and domesticmarkets. In the early stages， the tourism management organizations integratedthe needs of both the government authorities and the private entrepreneurs.The current situation is that tourism associations and commercial enterprisescooperate under the supervision of the government authorities. In the earlyyears， the tourism operations were labor intensive with management mainlybased on experience. Todays industry is driven by business innovations andsupported by modern technology and capital operation. Chinas tourismindustry not only merges gradually into the nations economic and socialstrategic development system， but also plays a leading role in internationaltourism community. In 2008， in spite of the impact of the worldwide financialcrises， China achieved remarkable tourism records of 131 million inboundtourists， 45. 84 million outbound tourists and 1. 712 billion domestic tourists.
Prof. Du Jiang （杜江） has a PhD in economics and is now the Deputy General Director of China National Tourism Administration and President of the China Tourism Academy.A veteran researcher and a prolific academic writer in tourism
operations and management， Dr. Du also holds academic advisor positions at the national and ministerial levels. He is on the editorial board of The Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism and Tourism Marketing Research.
Chapter 1 The Framework and Methodology of Comparative Study of Travel Services Management
Section Ⅰ The Rationale to the Comparative Study and Comparative Management
Section Ⅱ The Theoretic System and Research Methodology of Comparative Economics
Section Ⅲ The Research System of Comparative Studies on Travel Services
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 2 A Comparative Study of Fundamental Theories and Concepts of Travel Services
Section Ⅰ A Camparison of Concepts of Travel Services
Section Ⅱ A Comparison of the Social Roles and Impacts of Travel Services
Section Ⅲ A Comparison of Development Concepts of Travel Services
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 3 A Comparative Study of Historical Development and Evolution Modes of Travel Services
Section Ⅰ International Historical Development and Evolution Modes of Travel Services
Section Ⅱ Development and Evolvement Patterns of the Chinese Travel Service Industry
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 4 A Comparison of the Market Environments of Travel Services
Section Ⅰ A Comparison of Tourism Development Patterns
Section Ⅱ A Comparison of the Organizational Structure and Economic Efficiency of Travel Services
Section Ⅲ A Comparison of Tourist Consumption Patterns
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 5 A Comparison of the Institutional Environments of Travel Services
Section Ⅰ A Comparison of Government Regulation Systems in Travel Services
Section Ⅱ A Comparison of Governmental Administrative Systems in Travel Services
Section Ⅲ A Comparison of Travel Service Industrial Organization and Their Operation Mechanism.
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 6 A Comparison of Travel Service Distribution Systems and Operation Approaches
Section Ⅰ A Comparison of Distribution Systems of Travel Services
Section Ⅱ A Comparison of Travel Service Establishment Forms and Technological Conditions
Section Ⅲ A Comparison of Travel Service Operation Patterns
Section Ⅳ The Evolution and Impacts of Travel Services
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 7 A Comparison of Travel Service Organization Management and Development Patterns
Section Ⅰ General Theories on the Organization Management of Travel Services
Section Ⅱ A Comparison of Travel Service Organization Charts
Section Ⅲ A Comparison of Typical Development Models of Travel Services
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 8 A Comparison of Marketing Managements of Travel Services
Section Ⅰ A Comparison of Travel Services Brands and Distribution Channels
Section Ⅱ A Comparison of Travel Distribution Systems
Section Ⅲ Marketing and Pricing Strategies of Travel Services
Section Ⅳ A Comparison of Product and Pricing Strategies of Travel Services
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 9 A Comparison of Travel Service Reception Managements ：
Section Ⅰ The Reception Operation Process of Travel Services
Section Ⅱ A Comparison of Travel Services Reception Managements
Section Ⅱ A Comparison of Standardization of Operational Procedures of Travel Services
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 10 A Comparison of Crisis Managements of Travel Services
Section Ⅰ An Overview of Crisis Management of Travel Services
Section Ⅱ A General Analysis of Crisis Influence Mechanism——with the SARS as Example
Section Ⅲ Establishing a Crisis Management System with Chinese
Characteristics for Travel Services
Section Ⅳ International Organizations in the Industrial Crisis Management System and Their Influences
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 11 A Comparison of Development Trends of Travel
Services Industry
Section Ⅰ The Development Trend of Euro-American Travel Services Industry
Section Ⅱ The Main Factors That Influence Chinese Travel Services Industry
Section m The Development Trends of Chinese Travel Services Industry
Summary
Further Readings
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