Contents Preface i Foreword v Executive Summary xi Map of Cases on Big Earth Data for the SDGs xvi List of Cases on Big Earth Data for the SDG sxvii Chapter 1 Big Earth Data for SDGs /1 Data-intensive Paradigm /2 Big Earth Data /3 Big Earth Data for Implementing SDGs /4 Chapter 2 SDG 2 Zero Hunger Background /10 Contributions /11 Case Study /12 Global crop production per labor unit assessment based on Big Earth Data /12 Assessing progress towards sustainable cropping systems: the case of China /19 Conclusions /23 Chapter 3 SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation Background /28 Contributions /29 Case Study /31 Monitoring the proportion of urban population using safely managed drinking water services in China /31 Analysis of surface water quality in China /34 Crop water productivity for the SDG assessment of agricultural water use efficiency: the case of a typical irrigation district in Morocco /37 Mapping the extent and dynamic change of mangrove forests in Southeast Asia /42 Surface water changes in Central Asia /46 Conclusions /50 Chapter 4 SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities Background /54 Contributions /55 Case Study /57 Proportion of the population with easy access to public transportation in China /57 Monitoring and assessing urbanization progress in the countries and regions along the Belt and Road /61 Preliminary study and suggestions for modifying indicator SDG 11.4.1 /68 Monitoring and analyzing fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in China /74 Proportion of urban open public space in China /77 Conclusions /81 Chapter 5 SDG 13 Climate Action Background /84 Contributions /85 Case Study /86 Disaster monitoring and analysis of the SDG 13.1.1 indicator in countries and regions along the Belt and Road /86 Global atmospheric CO2 concentration changes in response to climate change /92 Cognition of climate response to glaciers and Arctic sea ice /96 Conclusions /100 Chapter 6 SDG 14 Life below Water Background /104 Contributions /105 Case Study /106 Construction and application of an integrated eutrophication assessment model for typical coastal waters of China /106 Ecosystem health assessment in Jiaozhou Bay， China /110 Conclusions /115 Chapter 7 SDG 15 Life on Land Background /118 Contributions /119 Case Study /121 Forest cover mapping to monitor terrestrial ecosystems in Southeast Asia /121 Assessment of conservation priority for global national parks /125 Study on forest protection proportion indicators /130 Evaluating the effectiveness of the management of protected areas: an example from Qianjiangyuan National Park in China /134 Big Earth Data for global land degradation assessment /140 The proportion of degraded land to the total land area in Central Asia /143 Identifying land degradation area and risk control countermeasures in Mongolia and along the China-Mongolia railway /146 Applications of the Mountain Green Cover Index in countries and regions along the Belt and Road /150 Evaluation of the Red List Index of threatened species in China /155 Assessment of giant panda habitat fragmentation /159 Conclusions /164 Chapter 8 Summary and Prospects /167 References /172