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本書(shū)參考物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù)人才培養(yǎng)方案，針對(duì)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)所需要的技術(shù)（職業(yè)）領(lǐng)域所總結(jié)的典型工作任務(wù)來(lái)組織全書(shū)的內(nèi)容體系。根據(jù)要完成每個(gè)典型工作任務(wù)的工作過(guò)程中所需的知識(shí)或技能來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)每個(gè)章節(jié)的內(nèi)容。本書(shū)內(nèi)容涵蓋了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的特征及體系結(jié)構(gòu)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)底層感知技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)、嵌入式開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)、云計(jì)算及大數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全技術(shù)等，zui后對(duì)當(dāng)前zui新的典型物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了分析。全書(shū)圍繞物聯(lián)網(wǎng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)的“感知、傳輸、處理、應(yīng)用”四個(gè)層次，結(jié)合當(dāng)前物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的典型應(yīng)用展開(kāi)教學(xué)與實(shí)踐，通過(guò)以認(rèn)知物聯(lián)網(wǎng)典型的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)為背景，逐層引入該系統(tǒng)中的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的底層感知設(shè)備、傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)、中間數(shù)據(jù)處理環(huán)節(jié)以及上層應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中所涉及的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)的理論知識(shí)。本書(shū)將zui新的企業(yè)應(yīng)用案例進(jìn)行了教學(xué)化設(shè)計(jì)，知識(shí)適度、技能點(diǎn)突出、案例豐富，并輔助以二維碼等方式來(lái)拓展學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)面。本書(shū)還配有課后習(xí)題。本書(shū)適合作為高等職業(yè)院校物聯(lián)網(wǎng)專(zhuān)業(yè)或相近專(zhuān)業(yè)的教材，也可作為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)研究與產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)人員的參考書(shū)。

從1991年美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院（MIT）的Kevin Ashton教授首次提出物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的概念以來(lái)，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)在計(jì)算機(jī)、通信、云計(jì)算以及人工智能等技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展的背景下，不斷地融入這些新的技術(shù)。高智能的感知終端、萬(wàn)物全連接的通信、海量數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)都是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)，人類(lèi)也將進(jìn)入萬(wàn)物互聯(lián)Internet of Everything（IoE）的新時(shí)代。本書(shū)參考物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù)人才培養(yǎng)的方案，針對(duì)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)所需要的技術(shù)（職業(yè)）領(lǐng)域所總結(jié)的典型工作任務(wù)來(lái)組織全書(shū)的內(nèi)容體系。根據(jù)要完成每個(gè)典型工作任務(wù)的工作過(guò)程中所需的知識(shí)或技能來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)每個(gè)章節(jié)的內(nèi)容。每章的zui后都安排了相關(guān)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的認(rèn)知實(shí)踐，來(lái)加深學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)該章相關(guān)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)知識(shí)的理解，同時(shí)輔助以習(xí)題練習(xí)加以強(qiáng)化。參考學(xué)時(shí)為48學(xué)時(shí)。本書(shū)共分為8章，分別是第1章緒論、第2章物聯(lián)網(wǎng)初識(shí)、第3章物聯(lián)網(wǎng)感知技術(shù)、第4章物聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信技術(shù)、第5章嵌入式系統(tǒng)技術(shù)、第6章物聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)、第7章物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全技術(shù)、第8章物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用。本書(shū)由蘇州市職業(yè)大學(xué)譚方勇、中國(guó)電信蘇州分公司臧燕翔擔(dān)任主編，蘇州市職業(yè)大學(xué)關(guān)輝擔(dān)任副主編，蘇州市職業(yè)大學(xué)李璐、劉剛、沈萍萍和中國(guó)電信蘇州分公司葛周敏參與編寫(xiě)。本書(shū)由主編確定編寫(xiě)思路并制定了本書(shū)的內(nèi)容體系和編寫(xiě)大綱，zui后由譚方勇負(fù)責(zé)統(tǒng)稿和校對(duì)。本書(shū)第一主編長(zhǎng)期從事物聯(lián)網(wǎng)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的教學(xué)，并主筆編寫(xiě)了全國(guó)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)及課程規(guī)范2.0，具有豐富的專(zhuān)業(yè)建設(shè)和教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。本書(shū)編寫(xiě)團(tuán)隊(duì)其他成員關(guān)輝、沈萍萍、李璐、劉剛也都長(zhǎng)期從事物聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)技術(shù)的課程教學(xué)，積累了大量的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教學(xué)素材，為本書(shū)的完成奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，另外，在編寫(xiě)過(guò)程中還得到了中國(guó)電信蘇州分公司物聯(lián)網(wǎng)中心的技術(shù)總監(jiān)葛周敏的建議和幫助，并提供了相關(guān)的案例素材，也得到了北京京勝世紀(jì)科技有限公司的王喜勝總經(jīng)理的幫助，提供了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)虛擬仿真實(shí)訓(xùn)平臺(tái)及相關(guān)資料，這為本書(shū)的順利完稿提供了很大的幫助，在此一并表示感謝。本書(shū)可以作為高等職業(yè)院校相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的教材和參考書(shū)，也適合物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的運(yùn)維管理員、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程技術(shù)人員以及廣大物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)愛(ài)好者閱讀和參考。由于編者的技術(shù)水平有限，書(shū)中難免存在不妥之處，敬請(qǐng)各位讀者批評(píng)指正。編者2018 年10 月

第1章　概論......................................................................................11.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)理論知識(shí)體系概述................................... 11.1.1　概述...............................................................................11.1.2　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域分析..............................21.2 對(duì)典型工作任務(wù)的支持.........................................................51.2.1　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)典型工作任務(wù)概述....................................51.2.2　典型工作任務(wù)案例分析.....................................................61.3 其他要闡述和說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題.....................................................101.3.1　本教材內(nèi)容體系架構(gòu)及教學(xué)資源設(shè)計(jì)...............................101.3.2　章節(jié)教學(xué)案例設(shè)計(jì).........................................................11第2章　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)初識(shí)................................................................................122.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的概念.....................................................................132.1.1　無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)（Wireless Sensor Networks）.......................132.1.2　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)（The Internet of Things）....................................132.1.3　互聯(lián)網(wǎng) （Internet）..........................................................142.1.4　泛在網(wǎng)（Ubiquitous Networking）...................................142.1.5　幾個(gè)概念的比較............................................................152.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展及展望..............................................................152.2.1　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展史................................................................152.2.2　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀............................................................162.2.3　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用及未來(lái).........................................................162.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)特征........................................................................192.3.1　全面感知......................................................................192.3.2　可靠傳遞......................................................................202.3.3　智能處理......................................................................202.4 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)體系架構(gòu)..................................................................202.4.1　感知層..........................................................................212.4.2　網(wǎng)絡(luò)層..........................................................................222.4.3　應(yīng)用層..........................................................................222.5 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化.....................................................................222.5.1　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的特點(diǎn)......................................................232.5.2　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織及其工作............................................242.6 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)認(rèn)知實(shí)踐..................................................................262.6.1　實(shí)踐目的......................................................................262.6.2　實(shí)踐的參考地點(diǎn)及形式...................................................262.6.3　實(shí)踐內(nèi)容......................................................................262.6.4　實(shí)踐總結(jié)......................................................................26習(xí)題.........................................................................................27第3章　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)感知技術(shù).........................................................................283.1 條形碼技術(shù)........................................................................293.1.1　條形碼的發(fā)展歷史.........................................................293.1.2　條形碼的概念................................................................303.1.3　條碼的分類(lèi)...................................................................303.1.4　一維條碼......................................................................303.1.5　二維條碼......................................................................313.1.6　二維條碼與一維條碼的比較............................................323.2 RFID系統(tǒng)..........................................................................323.2.1　RFID系統(tǒng)的組成...........................................................323.2.2　RFID系統(tǒng)的工作原理....................................................333.2.3　RFID系統(tǒng)的分類(lèi)...........................................................333.2.4　RFID系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用...........................................................343.3 傳感器技術(shù)........................................................................353.3.1　傳感器的概念................................................................353.3.2　傳感器的組成................................................................353.3.3　傳感器的分類(lèi)................................................................363.3.4　常用傳感器...................................................................383.4 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)..................................................................413.4.1　無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展...................................................413.4.2　無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)...................................................413.4.3　無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn)...................................................433.4.4　無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用...................................................443.5 生物識(shí)別技術(shù).....................................................................473.5.1　指紋技術(shù)......................................................................473.5.2　人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)................................................................483.5.3　視網(wǎng)膜識(shí)別技術(shù)............................................................493.5.4　虹膜識(shí)別技術(shù)................................................................493.5.5　語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)................................................................503.6 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)定位技術(shù)..................................................................523.6.1　定位技術(shù)概述................................................................523.6.2　衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)................................................................523.6.3　移動(dòng)蜂窩定位技術(shù).........................................................523.6.4　無(wú)線室內(nèi)定位技術(shù).........................................................533.7 感知技術(shù)認(rèn)知實(shí)踐..............................................................553.7.1　實(shí)踐目的......................................................................553.7.2　實(shí)踐的參考地點(diǎn)及形式...................................................553.7.3　實(shí)踐內(nèi)容......................................................................553.7.4　實(shí)踐總結(jié)......................................................................55習(xí)題.........................................................................................55第4章　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信技術(shù).........................................................................584.1 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信技術(shù)..................................................................594.1.1　局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)...................................................................604.1.2　廣域網(wǎng)技術(shù)...................................................................604.1.3　接入網(wǎng)技術(shù)...................................................................614.2 移動(dòng)通信技術(shù).....................................................................614.2.1　GSM移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)........................................................624.2.2　GPRS移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)......................................................634.2.3　CDMA移動(dòng)通信技術(shù).....................................................644.2.4　3G移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)...........................................................644.2.5　4G移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)...........................................................644.2.6　5G移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)...........................................................654.3 短距離無(wú)線通信技術(shù)...........................................................664.3.1　藍(lán)牙技術(shù)......................................................................664.3.2　ZigBee技術(shù)..................................................................674.3.3　UWB技術(shù).....................................................................684.3.4　NFC技術(shù).....................................................................684.3.5　Z-WAVE技術(shù)................................................................694.3.6　IrDA 技術(shù)......................................................................694.3.7　HomeRF技術(shù)...............................................................694.3.8　Wi-Fi技術(shù)....................................................................704.4 LPWAN低功耗無(wú)線廣域網(wǎng)技術(shù)............................................734.4.1　Sigfox技術(shù)...................................................................744.4.2　LoRA技術(shù)....................................................................744.4.3　NB-IoT技術(shù)..................................................................754.4.4　LTE eMTC技術(shù).............................................................774.4.5　幾種LPWAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的比較.........................................784.5 串口通信技術(shù).....................................................................794.5.1　串口通信技術(shù)概述.........................................................794.5.2　相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)......................................................................794.5.3　串口調(diào)試軟件................................................................824.6 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信技術(shù)認(rèn)知實(shí)踐.....................................................834.6.1　實(shí)踐目的......................................................................834.6.2　實(shí)踐的參考地點(diǎn)及形式..................................................834.6.3　實(shí)踐內(nèi)容......................................................................834.6.4　實(shí)踐總結(jié)......................................................................84習(xí)題.........................................................................................84第5章　嵌入式系統(tǒng)技術(shù).........................................................................865.1 嵌入式系統(tǒng)概述..................................................................875.1.1 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的概念.........................................................875.1.2 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的組成.........................................................875.1.3 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的特征.........................................................895.1.4 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域...................................................905.1.5 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展史......................................................905.2 典型嵌入式硬件技術(shù)...........................................................915.2.1 單片機(jī)技術(shù)介紹............................................................915.2.2 MCU及開(kāi)發(fā)工具介紹....................................................925.2.3 典型物聯(lián)網(wǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)板介紹...................................................935.3 典型嵌入式系統(tǒng)..................................................................945.3.1 嵌入式Linux.................................................................945.3.2 Windows CE.NET.........................................................965.3.3 VxWorks.......................................................................985.3.4 UC/OSII.......................................................................995.4 典型嵌入式軟件開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù).....................................................995.4.1 QT開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù).................................................................995.4.2 Android開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)........................................................1035.4.3 IOS開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)..............................................................1105.4.4 HTML5開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù).........................................................1135.5 嵌入式系統(tǒng)認(rèn)知實(shí)踐.........................................................1165.5.1 實(shí)踐目的....................................................................1165.5.2 實(shí)踐的參考地點(diǎn)及形式.................................................1165.5.3 實(shí)踐內(nèi)容....................................................................1165.5.4 實(shí)踐總結(jié)....................................................................116習(xí)題.......................................................................................116第6章　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù).................................................................1186.1 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)...................................................................1196.1.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)..............................................................1196.1.2 數(shù)據(jù)中心....................................................................1216.2 云計(jì)算技術(shù)......................................................................1236.2.1 云計(jì)算的起源..............................................................1236.2.2 云計(jì)算的定義與分類(lèi)....................................................1246.2.3 云計(jì)算的特征..............................................................1256.2.4 云計(jì)算與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)..........................................................1266.2.5 云計(jì)算的價(jià)值..............................................................1266.3 大數(shù)據(jù)分析技術(shù)................................................................1276.3.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)與數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)技術(shù).................................................1276.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘....................................................................1296.3.3 機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)....................................................................1316.3.4 人工智能技術(shù)..............................................................1336.3.5 智能決策支持系統(tǒng).......................................................1356.4 云計(jì)算大數(shù)據(jù)認(rèn)知實(shí)踐......................................................1376.4.1 實(shí)踐目的....................................................................1376.4.2 實(shí)踐的參考地點(diǎn)及形式................................................1376.4.3 實(shí)踐內(nèi)容....................................................................1376.4.4 實(shí)踐總結(jié)....................................................................138習(xí)題.......................................................................................138第7章　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全技術(shù).......................................................................1407.1　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全概述................................................................1417.1.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全的重要性....................................................1417.1.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全架構(gòu).......................................................1427.1.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全的特殊性....................................................1447.1.4 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全的關(guān)鍵技術(shù).................................................1447.2　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)分層安全體系.........................................................1467.2.1 感知層的安全問(wèn)題.......................................................1467.2.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的安全問(wèn)題.......................................................1477.2.3 處理層的安全問(wèn)題.......................................................1477.2.4 應(yīng)用層的安全問(wèn)題.......................................................1487.3　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)面臨的其他安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)................................................1487.3.1 云計(jì)算面臨的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn).................................................1487.3.2 WLAN面臨的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn).................................................1497.3.3 IPv6面臨的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)...................................................1497.3.4 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)面臨的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)...................................1507.3.5 基于RFID的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用安全........................................1507.4　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全認(rèn)知實(shí)踐.........................................................1507.4.1 實(shí)踐目的....................................................................1507.4.2 實(shí)踐的參考地點(diǎn)及形式.................................................1507.4.3 實(shí)踐內(nèi)容....................................................................1517.4.4 實(shí)踐總結(jié)....................................................................151習(xí)題.......................................................................................151第8章　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用..............................................................................1528.1　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用概述................................................................1538.1.1　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀...........................................................1538.1.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用前景預(yù)測(cè)....................................................1548.1.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)整體解決方案....................................................1558.2　基于RFID技術(shù)的智慧倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)典型應(yīng)用.......................1568.2.1 背景分析....................................................................1568.2.2 基于RFID技術(shù)的智慧倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)和功能分析.......1568.2.3 系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)涉及的設(shè)備和相關(guān)技術(shù)...................................1568.3　基于WSN技術(shù)的智慧農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)典型應(yīng)用.............................1578.3.1 背景分析....................................................................1578.3.2 智慧農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)和功能分析.......................................1578.3.3 系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)涉及的設(shè)備和相關(guān)技術(shù)...................................1588.4　基于NB-IoT的典型物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用..........................................1588.4.1 智慧燃?xì)鈶?yīng)用..............................................................1588.4.2 智慧停車(chē)應(yīng)用..............................................................1608.4.3 智慧照明應(yīng)用..............................................................1628.5　工業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)典型應(yīng)用.........................................................1648.5.1 智慧物流應(yīng)用..............................................................1648.5.2 非嵌入式電梯監(jiān)控應(yīng)用.................................................1658.5.3 智能叉車(chē)應(yīng)用..............................................................1668.6　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的未來(lái)展望......................................................1678.7　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)典型應(yīng)用認(rèn)知實(shí)踐...................................................1698.7.1 實(shí)踐目的....................................................................1698.7.2 實(shí)踐的參考地點(diǎn)及形式.................................................1698.7.3 實(shí)踐內(nèi)容....................................................................1698.7.4 實(shí)踐總結(jié)....................................................................169習(xí)題.......................................................................................169附錄A　部分習(xí)題參考答案....................................................................171參考文獻(xiàn)................................................................................................174

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