目錄
前言
第1章 有機化學實驗基礎知識 1
1.1 有機化學實驗基本規(guī)則 1
1.2 有機化學實驗安全常識 2
1.3 有機化學實驗常用玻璃儀器和實驗裝置 5
1.4 有機化學文獻 7
1.5 有機化學實驗預習和報告 9
Chapter 1 Introduction of Organic Chemistry Experiments 13
1.1 General Rules for Organic Chemistry Experiments 13
1.2 General Knowledge for Organic Chemistry Laboratory Safety 14
1.3 Common Glass Instruments and Apparatuses for Organic Chemistry Experiments 19
1.4 Organic Chemistry Literature 21
1.5 Experimental Preview Records and Laboratory Reports on Organic Chemistry 24
第2章 有機化學實驗基本操作 29
2.1 玻璃儀器的洗滌與干燥 29
2.2 加熱與冷卻 30
2.3 重結晶與過濾 32
2.4 萃取與洗滌 36
2.5 干燥與干燥劑 37
2.6 蒸餾、分餾與回流 40
2.7 升華 41
2.8 色譜法 42
Chapter 2 Basic Techniques of Organic Chemistry Experiments 47
2.1 Washing and Drying of Glassware 47
2.2 Heating and Cooling 48
2.3 Recrystallization and Filtration 52
2.4 Extraction and Washing 57
2.5 Drying and Drying Agents 59
2.6 Simple Distillation，Fractional Distillation and Reflux 62
2.7 Sublimation 64
2.8 Chromatography 65
第3章 有機化學綜合實驗 72
Chapter 3 Comprehensive Experiments of Organic Chemistry 72
第一部分 天然產物提取與分離 72
Part 1 Extraction and Separation of Natural Products 72
3.1 咖啡因提取與分離 72
3.1 Extraction and Separation of Caffeine 73
3.2 果皮中有效成分提取與分離 75
3.2 Extraction and Separation of Effective Components from Pericarp 76
3.3 香精油的提取與分離 78
3.3 Extraction and Separation of Essential Oils 79
3.4 紙色譜分離、鑒定氨基酸 81
3.4 Separation and Identification of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography 82
3.5 紙電泳分離、鑒定氨基酸 84
3.5 Separation and Identification of Amino Acids by Paper Electrophoresis 84
3.6 薄層色譜法分離、鑒定葉綠素 87
3.6 Separation and Identification of Chlorophyll by Thin-Layer Chromatography 88
第二部分 有機化合物的制備 90
Part 2 Preparation for Organic Compounds 90
3.7 甲基橙的制備 90
3.7 Preparation for Methyl Orange 91
3.8 乙酸異戊酯的制備 94
3.8 Preparation for Isoamyl Acetate 95
3.9 乙酰水楊酸的制備 97
3.9 Preparation for Acetylsalicylic Acid 98
3.10 二芐叉丙酮的制備 101
3.10 Preparation for Dibenzylideneacetone 102
3.11 納迪克酸酐的制備 104
3.11 Preparation for Nadic Anhydride 105
3.12 無水乙醇的制備 107
3.12 Preparation for Absolute Ethanol 107
第三部分 有機合成新方法 109
Part 3 New Methods of Organic Synthesis 109
3.13 微波輔助合成反應——二苯乙炔的合成 109
3.13 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Reaction——Synthesis of Diphenylacetylene 110
3.14 超聲波輻射反應——苯亞甲基苯乙酮的合成 112
3.14 Ultrasonic Radiation Reaction——Synthesis of Benzyl Acetophenone 113
3.15 有機光化學反應——苯頻哪醇的合成 115
3.15 Organic Photochemical Reaction——Synthesis of Benzopinacol 116
3.16 有機電化學反應——碘仿的合成 118
3.16 Organic Electrochemical Reaction——Synthesis of Iodoform 118
第四部分 有機化合物物理常數的測定及官能團鑒定 120
Part 4 Identification of Organic Compounds by Determination of Physical Constants and Characteristic Reactions 120
3.17 固體有機物熔點測定 120
3.17 Determining the Melting Point of Organic Solids 122
3.18 液體有機物折光率測定 127
3.18 Determining the Refractive Index of Organic Liquids 128
3.19 液體有機物比旋光度測定 131
3.19 Determining the Specific Rotation of Organic Liquids 132
3.20 有機化合物官能團鑒定實驗 135
3.20 Identification of Organic Compounds 138
參考文獻 143
References 143
附錄 144
Appendix 144