國際商學(xué)(International Business Studies)作為一門學(xué)科在國外已經(jīng)有半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的歷史,已經(jīng)從最初的基于實(shí)際需要的實(shí)用主義探討漸變?yōu)楫?dāng)今的理論和實(shí)踐兼具的科學(xué)的、規(guī)范的和系統(tǒng)的學(xué)科專業(yè)體系。隨著其學(xué)科體系的不斷完善,社會(huì)對(duì)其在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中的重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)逐步加深,各行各業(yè)中國際商學(xué)人才供需矛盾的日益凸現(xiàn)以及國際商學(xué)院或國際商學(xué)系在國外大學(xué)的紛紛設(shè)立,使得國際商學(xué)走向成熟和繁榮具有了堅(jiān)實(shí)的組織基礎(chǔ)。近三十年來,國外出版了大量的國際商學(xué)研究著作和國際商學(xué)專業(yè)教材,這又為國際商學(xué)理論的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了良好的條件。
國際商學(xué)(International Business Studies)作為一門學(xué)科在國外已經(jīng)有半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的歷史,已經(jīng)從最初的基于實(shí)際需要的實(shí)用主義探討漸變?yōu)楫?dāng)今的理論和實(shí)踐兼具的科學(xué)的、規(guī)范的和系統(tǒng)的學(xué)科專業(yè)體系。隨著其學(xué)科體系的不斷完善,社會(huì)對(duì)其在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中的重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)逐步加深,各行各業(yè)中國際商學(xué)人才供需矛盾的日益凸現(xiàn)以及國際商學(xué)院或國際商學(xué)系在國外大學(xué)的紛紛設(shè)立,使得國際商學(xué)走向成熟和繁榮具有了堅(jiān)實(shí)的組織基礎(chǔ)。近三十年來,國外出版了大量的國際商學(xué)研究著作和國際商學(xué)專業(yè)教材,這又為國際商學(xué)理論的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了良好的條件。
改革開放前后,為適應(yīng)對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)交流合作對(duì)涉外人才的需要,國內(nèi)一些高校先后開設(shè)了涉外專業(yè),國家在不同地區(qū)開辦了對(duì)外貿(mào)易學(xué)院(或大學(xué)),這極大地推動(dòng)了國內(nèi)、國際商學(xué)理論研究和國際商科的學(xué)科建設(shè)。近十多年來,無論從理論研究還是從人才培養(yǎng)看,國際商學(xué)的發(fā)展突飛猛進(jìn),國內(nèi)不少知名大學(xué)紛紛成立國際商學(xué)院或國際商學(xué)系,甚至民辦獨(dú)立學(xué)院也開辦了國際商學(xué)專業(yè)。這無疑會(huì)促進(jìn)國際商學(xué)的學(xué)科建設(shè)、理論研究和人才培養(yǎng)。當(dāng)然,應(yīng)該看到,國內(nèi)的國際商學(xué)研究仍然存在著不少值得嚴(yán)重關(guān)切的問題。例如,學(xué)科理論體系和基礎(chǔ)尚不健全;理論研究尚處于初探階段,國際商學(xué)內(nèi)容體系尚未完全成形,人才培養(yǎng)尚缺乏師資支撐,以及國際商學(xué)教學(xué)尚無配套的優(yōu)質(zhì)教材等。
“當(dāng)代商學(xué)”(Contemporary Business)在國際商學(xué)研究體系中具有舉足輕重的地位,這不僅因?yàn)樗趪H商學(xué)研究體系中處于基礎(chǔ)地位,還因?yàn)樗趪H商學(xué)研究體系中處于核心地位!爱(dāng)代商學(xué)”是國際商學(xué)的“先導(dǎo)”和“入場(chǎng)券”。正因?yàn)槿绱,國外出版了大量的國際商學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究著作和形式多樣的當(dāng)代商學(xué)教材。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),僅在美國出版的當(dāng)代商學(xué)教材就多達(dá)八十余種,有關(guān)當(dāng)代商學(xué)研究的著作則難計(jì)其數(shù)。然而,縱觀目前國內(nèi)圖書市場(chǎng),國際商學(xué)研究不僅為數(shù)不多,而且基本上都是用漢語寫成,而種類繁多的國際商務(wù)英語圖書,從商務(wù)英語閱讀到寫作與函電,從商務(wù)英語聽力到會(huì)話與談判,再到商務(wù)英語手冊(cè)與辭典,基本注重國際商務(wù)實(shí)務(wù),對(duì)國際商學(xué)理論一般都不涉及,難以與國外對(duì)接。從國外引進(jìn)的國際商學(xué)理論著作和教材又存在語言艱深、}肖化困難、價(jià)格昂貴、與國情脫節(jié)等問題。
于是,國際商學(xué)和國際商務(wù)英語學(xué)習(xí)者,尤其是大專院校本科生、研究生以及具有相當(dāng)英語水平的社會(huì)人士陷于這樣一種尷尬的境地:他們掌握了一定的英語語言技能,也掌握一些國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)技能,但希望能夠借助已有的英語知識(shí)和能力更加全面地掌握國際商學(xué)理論知識(shí),了解國際商學(xué)研究的前沿動(dòng)態(tài),進(jìn)一步提高自己的國際商學(xué)理論素養(yǎng)甚至英語水平,解決實(shí)際工作中遇到的問題。令人遺憾的是,這樣一部用英語撰寫的國際商學(xué)理論著作或教材在國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)難覓其蹤跡。
Chapter 1 Contemporary Business: Some Basic Concepts
1.1 Foundation of Contemporary Business
1.1.1 Business and business activities
1.1.2 Business and business people
1.2 Economic Forces Affecting Business
1.2.1 Competition
1.2.2 Supply and demand
1.3 The Business Environment
1.3.1 The socio-cultural environment
1.3.2 The economic environment
1.3.3 The political environment
1.3.4 The technological environment
1.3.5 The competitive environment
1.3.6 The physical environment
1.3.7 The global business environment
1.4 How Government Affects Business Activities
Chapter 2 Sole Proprietorship and Partnership
2.1 Aspects of Small Businesses
2.1.1 Some basic facts about small businesses
2.1.2 Get prepared to leap into your business
2.1.3 Three common ways of establishing a small business
2.1.4 Small business operations and management
2.1.5 Contributions of small business to the society
2.2 Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
2.2.1 Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial teams
2.2.2 Entrepreneurial characteristics: personal qualities of an entrepreneur
2.3 Sole Proprietorship
2.3.1 Advantages of sole proprietorship
2.3.2 Disadvantages of sole proprietorship
2.4 Partnership
2.4.1 Major types of partnership
2.4.2 Steps of establishing a partnership
2.4.3 Elements of a good partnership agreement
2.4.4 Advantages and disadvantages of partnership
Chapter 3 Corporation Start-up and Expansion
3.1 Basic Aspects of Corporations
3.1.1 Corporations and their common characteristics
3.1.2 Classification of corporations
3,1.3 Major types of corporations in the US
3.1.4 Other types of corporations
3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of General Corporations
3.2.1 Advantages of general corporations
3.2.2 Disadvantages of general corporations
3.3 The Establishment and Corporate Structure of a Corporation
3.3.1 Steps of launching a corporation
3.3.2 Corporate structure
3.4 Mergers and Acquisitions
3.4.1 How mergers occur
3.4.2 Current trends in mergers and acquisitions
3.5 Other Types of Business Organization
3.5.1 Syndicates and technical partnerships
3.5.2 Cooperatives
3.5.3 Franchises
Chapter 4 Social Responsibility and Business Behavior
4.1 Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Importance
4.7.7 Defining corporate social responsibility
4.7.2 The importance of CSR to business and society
4.2 Personal and Organizational Ethics
4.2.7 Ethical behavior begins with personal morals
4.2.2 Organizational ethics begins with top management
4.2.3 Legality is only the first and final ethical desideratum
4.3 Ethical Behavior and Corporate Decisions
4.3.7 Identify the nature of ethics and ethical issues
4.3.2 Ethical dilemmas and ethical lapses
4.3.3 Basic approaches to ethical decision making
4.3.4 Steps of making sound ethical decisions
4.4 Management of Corporate Social Responsibility
4.4.7 Factors affecting corporate social responsibility management
4.4.2 Setting corporate ethical standards
4.4.3 Social accounting and auditing
4.5 Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility
4.5.7 Assessing your CSR situation
4.5.2 Designing your CSR strategies
4.5.3 Clarifying your CSR commitments
4.5.4 Implementing your CSR programs
4.5.5 Checking CSR progress and evaluating performance
Chapter 5 International Trade and Global Markets
5.1 International Trade and Reasons for International Trade
5.7.7 Defining international trade
5.1.2 Reasons for international trade
5.1.3 Possible benefits of international trade
5.2 Forms of International Business Activity
5.2.7 Importing and exporting
5.2.2 International licensing
5.2.3 International franchising
5.2.4 International strategic alliances and joint ventures
5.2.5 Running wholly-owned facilities
5.3 Multinational Corporations
5.3.7 Defining multinational corporations
5.3.2 Advantages of multinational corporations
5.3.3 Disadvantages of multinational corporations
5.4 International Trade Balance and Finance
5.4.7 Balance of trade 90
5.4.2 Trade deficits and surpluses
5.4.3 Balance of payments
5.4.4 Exchange rates
5.4.5 International trade finance
5.5 Barriers to International Trade
5.5.1 Tar
5.5.2 Quota
5.5.3 Subsidies
5.5.4”Voluntary”export restraint
5.5.5 Exchange controls and export controls
5.5.6 Embargoes
5.5.7 Unfair trade practices
5.6 Trade Agreements,Organizations and Blocs
5.6.7 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization
5.6.2 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
5.6.3 Other malor international trading blocs
5.6.4 Unilateral trade privileges 98
5.6.5 International trade finance and organizations
……
Chapter 6 Management Fundamentals and Planning
Chapter 7 Organizing and Organizational Design
Chapter 8 Staffing and Human Resources Management
Chapter 9 Leading and Organizational Communication
Chapter 10 Controlling and Quality Management
Chapter 11 Manufacturing and Service Operations Management
Chapter 12 Marketing and Consumer Networks
References