準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地西北緣哈山地區(qū)火山巖儲(chǔ)層發(fā)育期次及成因機(jī)制（英文版）
《準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地西北緣哈山地區(qū)火山巖儲(chǔ)層發(fā)育期次及成因機(jī)制（英文版）》通過(guò)錄井資料和巖心觀察，研究分析裂縫發(fā)育的特征，產(chǎn)狀、裂縫的密度、寬度、充填情況、充填物的特征等；通過(guò)顯微薄片觀察，研究顯微鏡下裂縫的發(fā)育特征，如裂縫的充填物特征、裂縫的寬度等；將觀察和統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果和常規(guī)測(cè)井曲線和成像測(cè)井成果相對(duì)應(yīng)，分析了不同類型裂縫的測(cè)井響應(yīng)特征；通過(guò)巖心觀察和顯微薄片觀察，分析裂縫的充填情況和充填物類型、充填次序，建立各裂縫充填物的相對(duì)時(shí)序關(guān)系；對(duì)裂縫充填物進(jìn)行Sr、C、O穩(wěn)定同位素分析技術(shù)，以及包裹體分析測(cè)試技術(shù)，分析各充填物的地球化學(xué)特征；對(duì)不同裂縫發(fā)育段的選取具有代表性的樣品，分析其巖石力學(xué)特征，研究裂縫形成的機(jī)理；與區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)背景相結(jié)合，分析裂縫形成的構(gòu)造背景、其形成與巖性、礦物組成的關(guān)系、裂縫與層厚的關(guān)系、裂縫與巖性組合和巖性變化之間的關(guān)系，從而總結(jié)分析裂縫的發(fā)育機(jī)理。
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The oil and gas exploration in the Hala' alate Mountain structural belt， northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin began in the early 1950s. This structural belt has abundant oil and gas resources and huge exploration potential. The overall structural framework in the Hala' alate Mountain area is currently a large superimposed nappe structure mainly composed of superimposed multiphase thrust nappes. The Hala' alate Mountain structure has experienced superimposed reformation due to multiphase tectonic movements in Hercynian， lndosinian， Yanshan and Himalayan Period， as a result， complex fault systems and associated fracture systems have been formed. As fractures are important oil and gas migration pathways and reservoir space，the genetic mechanisms and development periods of fractures and their relationship with oil and gas accumulation are key to oil and gas exploration. Therefore， the following issues have been investigated in the book in the hope to provide reference and guidance for oil and gas exploration in the Hala'alate Mountain area.
�。�1） Rock types， and pore types in the Hala'alate Mountain area and the controlling factors on their development have been sorted out， and fracture occurrence and filling situation have been examined by using core observation and imaging logging data.
�。�2） The geochemical characteristics of the main source rocks in the Hala' alate Mountain structure have been analyzed， the main oil and gas sources in this area have been figured out based on the characteristics and differences of biomarkers， the carrier systems and migration pathways of oil and gas have been sought out， Sr， C and O isotopes of fracture fillings and characteristics of fluid inclusions have been analyzed， and fluid source and filling period of filling minerals have been investigated prominently.
�。�3） The pattern and evolution process of structures in the Hala'alate Mountain area have been analyzed， based on the mechanical differences of different lithologies and the imaging logging data， the development sequence of main faults and their controlling effects on fracture development have been investigated， and the relationship between fracture development periods and hydrocarbon charging has been figured out.
We would like to thank the experts of Oil and Gas Exploration Management Center， Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company for providing basic data and precious advice in the process of project research.
Limited by the authors' ability， there could be some unintended mistakes in the book， and your comments and suggestions are gratefully accepted.
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Contents
Chapter 1 Regional Geological Setting 1
1.1 Geological setting of the Junggar Basin 1
1.1.1 Overview of the basin 1
1.1.2 Structural evolution and structural unit division 2
1.2 Geological setting of the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin 4
1.2.1 Geological setting 4
1.2.2 Structural evolution 6
Chapter 2 Reservoir Petrological Characteristics and Reservoir Space Types 10
2.1 Reservoir petrology 10
2.1.1 Volcanic breccia 10
2.1.2 Andesite 13
2.1.3 Basalt 15
2.1.4 Tuff 16
2.1.5 Clastic rock 17
2.2 Reservoir space types 19
2.2.1 Primary reservoir space 20
2.2.2 Secondary reservoir space 23
2.3 Factors influencing reservoir space development 27
2.3.1 Effect of lithology and lithofacies 27
2.3.2 Effect of dissolution 31
2.3.3 Effect of tectonic activity 32
Chapter 3 Oil-source Correlation and Migration Pathway Tracing 34
3.1 Geochemistry of source rocks 35
3.1.1 Evaluation criterion of source rocks 35
3.1.2 Evaluation of source rocks 36
3.1.3 Biomarkers of source rocks 42
3.2 Geochemical features of crude oil and oil-source correlation 45
3.2.1 Physical properties of crude oil 45
3.2.2 Geochemical features of crude oil and oil-source analysis 45
3.3 Migration pathways and tracing of crude oil 51
3.3.1 Conducting system of crude oil 51
3.3.2 Tracing of crude oil migration pathways 55
Chapter 4 Development Features of Reservoir Fractures 59
4.1 Development features of core fractures 59
4.1.1 Identification and statistic of fractures in coring sections 60
4.1.2 Filling features of fractures in coring sections 61
4.2 Imaging log responses of fractures 62
4.2.1 Imaging logging response of typical drilling fractures 65
4.2.2 High-conductivity fractures and high-resistivity fractures 77
Chapter 5 Geochemistry of Fracture Fillings 87
5.1 Isotope geochemistry 87
5.1.1 Sr isotope 87
5.1.2 C and O isotopes 93
5.2 Fluid inclusion geochemistry 99
5.2.1 Inclusion petrography 100
5.2.2 Fluorescence characteristics 103
5.2.3 Homogenization temperature 105
Chapter 6 Mechanical Properties of Reservoir Rocks 107
6.1 Rock mechanics characteristics 108
6.1.1 Sample information and test 108
6.1.2 Sample test procedure and results 110
6.1.3 Rock deformation characteristics 112
6.1.4 Rock mechanics parameters 117
6.2 Factors affecting mechanical properties of rock 119
6.2.1 Influence of rock types on mechanical properties 120
6.2.2 Influence of pre-existing weak planes on mechanical properties of rock 121
6.2.3 Influence of confining pressure on mechanical properties of rock 122
Chapter 7 Factors Affecting Fracture Development and Effectiveness 124
7.1 Factors affecting fracture development 124
7.1.1 Influence of lithology 124
7.1.2 Influence of formation thickness 126
7.1.3 Influence of structural position 126
7.2 Development stages of fractures 128
7.2.1 Sequence of fracture development 128
7.2.2 Tectonic evolution and fracture development stage 141
7.3 Fracture effectiveness and distribution 144
7.3.1 Analysis on fracture effectiveness 144
7.3.2 Distribution of effective fractures 147
References 151
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