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納提什瓦 : 孟加拉國(guó)毗訶羅普爾古城2013—2017年發(fā)掘報(bào)告 讀者對(duì)象:本書適用于從事考古、歷史、佛教研究的專家、學(xué)者、教師、學(xué)生
毗訶羅普爾(Vikrampura)古城是2010年由孟加拉國(guó)考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的,2013年,孟加拉國(guó)考古學(xué)家首次在納提什瓦(Nateshwar)遺址進(jìn)行了考古發(fā)掘。2014年12月~2018年1月,中國(guó)湖南省文物考古研究所和阿格拉廈·毗訶羅普爾(AgrasharVikrampur)基金會(huì)聘請(qǐng)的歐提亞·歐耐斯恩考古研究中心(OitiyaOnneswanArchaeologicalResearchCenter)組成聯(lián)合考古隊(duì),先后三次對(duì)納提什瓦遺址進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的考古發(fā)掘,發(fā)掘面積達(dá)5236平方米,取得了重大成果。通過地層學(xué)和一系列測(cè)年數(shù)據(jù),納提什瓦遺址可分為兩個(gè)時(shí)期。第一期年代約在公元780~950年,即修建于德瓦(Devas)王朝(公元750~800年)時(shí)期,沿續(xù)至旃陀羅(Chandra)王朝(公元900~1050年)的前期。第二期年代約在公元950~1223年,這段時(shí)期為旃陀羅王朝后期、跋摩(Varman)王朝(公元1080~1150年)和犀那(Sena)王朝(公元1100~1223年)時(shí)期。據(jù)考證,這三個(gè)王朝都曾建都于毗訶羅普爾。作為阿底峽尊者的故鄉(xiāng),毗訶羅普爾在藏文典藏中,也是一個(gè)神圣的名字。這個(gè)規(guī)模龐大、具有不同功能的大型佛教遺址的發(fā)現(xiàn),證實(shí)了這座都城的存在。納提什瓦遺址的早期遺跡,是一組塔院(stupacourt)和僧院(vihara)的綜合體,遺址規(guī)模、整體布局及單體建筑的特點(diǎn),在孟加拉國(guó)都是前所未有。晚期遺跡主要為十字形中心神殿建筑及多邊形塔等附屬建筑,這是孟加拉國(guó)10~13世紀(jì)金剛乘建筑的典型范例。作為南亞次大陸最后一個(gè)佛教中心的珍貴遺產(chǎn),這個(gè)遺址將載入世界考古學(xué)的史冊(cè)。
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目錄
第一章 緒論 第一節(jié) 地理位置 2 第二節(jié) 自然環(huán)境 6 第三節(jié) 歷史沿革 9 第四節(jié) 考古歷程 15 第二章 地層 第一節(jié) 地層綜述 44 第二節(jié) 地層舉例 49 第三節(jié) 地層年代的14C 數(shù)據(jù)分析 64 第三章 遺跡 第一節(jié) 第一期遺跡 76 一 早段遺跡 76 二 中段遺跡 80 三 晚段遺跡 90 第二節(jié) 第二期遺跡(上)——十字形中心神殿建筑 101 一 發(fā)掘經(jīng)過 101 二 層位關(guān)系 101 三 遺跡描述 102 四 年代推斷 118 五 對(duì)于建筑復(fù)原的設(shè)想 119 第三節(jié) 第二期遺跡(下)——其他遺跡 134 一 八邊形佛塔1 134 二 八邊形佛塔2 134 三 八邊形佛塔3 139 四 曲折形圍墻1 139 五 路面1 139 六 路面3 141 第四節(jié) 第三期遺跡 148 第四章 遺物 第一節(jié) 陶器 224 第二節(jié) 其他出土遺物 308 第五章 結(jié)語(yǔ) 第一節(jié) 納提什瓦遺址的年代分期和遺址興廢過程的歷時(shí)性描述 326 第二節(jié) 納提什瓦遺址的核心價(jià)值 335 第三節(jié) 納提什瓦遺址進(jìn)一步發(fā)掘、保護(hù)的設(shè)想 337 附錄 附錄一 美國(guó)貝塔(Beta)實(shí)驗(yàn)室14C 測(cè)定數(shù)據(jù) 342 附錄二 孟加拉國(guó)納提什瓦遺址出土動(dòng)物遺存 347 附錄三 孟加拉國(guó)納提什瓦遺址炭化米分析 359 專文 8—12 世紀(jì)東印度佛教建筑、造像對(duì)于西藏的傳播/ 柴煥波 361 Contents Chapter I Preface Section 1 Geographical Background 2 Section 2 Natural Environment 6 Section 3 Brief History 9 Section 4 Archaeological Process 15 Chapter II Stratigraphy Section 1 Comprehensive Introduction 44 Section 2 Section Description 49 Section 3 Analysis of Stratigraphy Radiocarbon Dates 64 Chapter III Cultural Remains Section 1 The First Period Cultural Remains 76 1. Early Stage 76 2. Middle Stage 80 3. Late Stage 90 Section 2 The Second Period Cultural Remains (Part I): Cruciform Central Temple 101 1. Excavation Process 101 2. Stratigrapical Context 101 3. Remains Description 102 4. Age of the Construction 118 5. Conception on the Architectural Reconstruction 119 Section 3 The Second Period (Ⅱ): Other Features 134 1. Octagonal Stupa 1 134 2. Octagonal Stupa 2 134 3. Octagonal Stupa 3 139 4. Zigzag Boundary Wall 1 139 5. Floor 1 139 6. Floor 3 141 Section 4 The Third Period 148 Chapter IV Unearthed Artifacts Section 1 Pottery 224 Section 2 Other Unearthed Objects 308 Chapter V Conclusion Section 1 The Chronological Periods and the Rise and Decline of the Site 326 Section 2 The Main Value of the Nateshwar Site 335 Section 3 The Further Excavation and Conservation at Nateshwar Site 337 Appendix Appendix 1: Radiocarbon Dates from US Beta Laboratory 342 Appendix 2: Identification Report of Fauna Specimens at Nateshwar Site 347 Appendix 3: Study of Carbonized Rice in Nateshwar site, Bangladesh 359 Special Paper Research on the Buddhist Remains of Bangladesh During the 8th to 12th Centuries and Their Influences on Tibet (by Chai Huanbo) 361 圖1-1 孟加拉國(guó)地理位置圖 2 圖1-2 毗訶羅普爾古城地理位置圖 3 圖1-3 納提什瓦遺址平面位置圖 4 圖1-4 拉庫(kù)羅普爾(Raghurampur)遺址、納提什瓦遺址、阿底峽故鄉(xiāng)金剛瑜伽(Vairajogini)村平面位置圖 7 圖1-5 納提什瓦遺址歷年發(fā)掘探方分布圖 17 圖2-1 納提什瓦遺址地層剖面位置圖 49 圖2-2 UnitJ10GridA10、B10、C10、D10、E10、E9剖面圖 50 圖2-3 UnitJ11GridE1、D1、C1、B1、A1剖面圖 51 圖2-4 UnitJ11GridE6、E5、E4、E3、E2、E1剖面圖 51 圖2-5 UnitI11GridH6、I6、J6,UnitJ11GridA6、B6、C6、D6、E6剖面圖 52 圖2-6 UnitI10GridG8、G9、G10,UnitI11GridG1、G、G3、G4、G5剖面圖 53 圖2-7 UnitK9GridA8、B8、C8、D8、E8、F8、G8、H8剖面圖 54 圖2-8 UnitL9GridA9、B9、C9、D9、E9、F9剖面圖 55 圖2-9 UnitL8GridF2、F3、F4剖面圖 56 圖2-10 UnitK7GridI10,UnitK8GridI1-I10,UnitK9GridI1-I7剖面圖 57 圖2-11 UnitH10GridJ5-J1,UnitI9GridA10-A3剖面圖 59 圖2-12 UnitI9GridJ1,UnitJ9GridA1、B1、C1、D1、E1、F1、G1、H1剖面圖 59 圖2-13 UnitJ9GridH5、G5、F5、E5、D5、C5、B5、A5,UnitI9GridJ5、I5、H5剖面圖 60 圖2-14 UnitJ10GridD8、D7、D6、D5、D4、D3、D2、D1,UnitJ9GridD10、D9、D8、D7、D6、D5剖面圖 62 圖3-1 納提什瓦遺址第一期遺跡總平面圖 76 圖3-2 神殿1前期建筑平剖面圖 78 圖3-3 神殿1后期建筑平剖面圖 78 圖3-4 神殿1西壁立面圖 79 圖3-5 道路3北段、道路4、墻1平剖面圖 81 圖3-6 道路3中段平剖面圖 81 圖3-7 浴室及排水溝平剖面圖 82 圖3-8 神殿2平剖面圖 84 圖3-9 房屋1平剖面圖 86 圖3-10 房屋5平剖面圖 88 圖3-11 墻3平剖面圖 89 圖3-12 十字形中心神殿建筑平面圖 103 圖3-13 十字形中心神殿建筑柱廳1平剖面圖 104 圖3-14 十字形中心神殿建筑柱廳1柱基平剖面圖 105 圖3-15 十字形中心神殿建筑柱廳2平剖面圖 109 圖3-16 十字形中心神殿建筑柱廳2柱基平剖面圖 110 圖3-17 十字形中心神殿建筑柱廳3平剖面圖 112 圖3-18 十字形中心神殿建筑柱廳4平剖面圖 115 圖3-19 十字形中心神殿建筑北門遺跡平剖面圖 119 圖3-20 納提什瓦遺址第二期遺跡總平面圖 135 圖3-21 八邊形佛塔1平剖面圖 136 圖3-22 八邊形佛塔2平剖面圖 138 圖3-23 曲折形圍墻1平剖面圖 140 圖4-1 UnitL10GridI5-J6,UnitJ11GridC1-D2①層出土陶器 225 圖4-2 UnitL10GridE6②層出土陶器 226 圖4-3 UnitI10GridI3,UnitL10,UnitJ11,UnitK9GridF10,UnitI11②層出土陶器 227 圖4-4 H1出土陶器 228 圖4-5 H1出土陶器 229 圖4-6 H1出土陶器 230 圖4-7 UnitI10-I11④層出土陶器 231 圖4-8 UnitI10-I11,UnitL10GridE6,UnitL10GridE5-F6④層出土陶器 232 圖4-9 UnitI10GridI11,UnitJ10-I6,UnitK10GridI3④層出土陶器 233 圖4-10 UnitK10-I4,UnitL10GridD6,UnitL10GridE5-F6④層出土陶器 234 圖4-11 UnitI10-I11,UnitL10GridE6④層出土陶器 234 圖4-12 UnitL10GridE5-F6,UnitI10-I11,UnitL10GridF6④層出土陶器 235 圖4-13 UnitI10-I11,UnitL10GridA6、B6、C6、D6、E6,UnitL10GridE5、F6④層出土陶器 236 圖4-14 UnitK10GridI2-I6、J2-J6⑤層出土陶器 238 圖4-15 UnitK10GridI2-I6、J2-J6,UnitL10GridE5-F6⑤層出土陶器 239 圖4-16 UnitL8GridG5-F5⑤層下部出土陶器 240 圖4-17 UnitL8GridG5-F5⑤層下部出土陶器 241 圖4-18 UnitL8GridG5-F5⑤層下部出土陶器 242 圖4-19 UnitL8GridG5-F5⑤層下部出土陶器 243 圖4-20 UnitL8GridG5-F5⑤層下部出土陶器 244 圖4-21 UnitL8GridG5-F5⑤層下部出土陶器 245 圖4-22 UnitL10GridA2-A3⑤—⑥層之間出土陶器 246 圖4-23 甕(W1∶19) 247 圖4-24 甕1內(nèi)出土陶器 248 圖4-25 甕1內(nèi)出土陶器 248 圖4-26 甕1內(nèi)出土陶器 249 圖4-27 甕1內(nèi)出土陶器 249 圖4-28 甕1內(nèi)出土陶器 251 圖4-29 甕2內(nèi)出土A型壺 252 圖4-30 甕2內(nèi)出土B型罐 252 圖4-31 甕2內(nèi)出土陶器 253 圖4-32 UnitI11GridG2-G3⑥層表層出土陶器 255 圖4-33 UnitI11GridG3,UnitI11GridG2-G3⑥層表層出土陶器 256 圖4-34 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5,UnitL10 GridE5-F6,UnitL8GridF5-G5⑥層出土陶器 257 圖4-35 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5,UnitL8 GridF5-G5⑥層出土陶器 258 圖4-36 UnitL11GridE5-F6,UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑥層出土陶器 259 圖4-37 UnitL8GridF5-G5⑥層B型罐 259 圖4-38 UnitL10GridE5-F6,UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑥層出土陶器 260 圖4-39 UnitL8GridF5-G5,UnitL10GridE6⑥層出土陶器 262 圖4-40 UnitL10GridE5-F6,UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑥層出土陶器 263 圖4-41 UnitL10GridE5-F6,UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5,UnitL8GridF5-G5⑥層出土陶器 264 圖4-42 UnitL10GridE5-F6,UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑥層出土陶器 265 圖4-43 UnitL10GridE6,UnitL8GridF5-G5⑥層出土陶器 266 圖4-44 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5,UnitL10GridE5-F6,UnitL8GridF5-G5⑥層出土陶器 267 圖4-46 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑦層出土陶器 269 圖4-45 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5,UnitI11Grid G3⑦層出土陶器 269 圖4-47 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑦層出土陶器 270 圖4-48 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑦層出土陶器 271 圖4-49 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑦層出土陶器 272 圖4-50 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑦層出土陶器 273 圖4-51 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑦層出土陶器 273 圖4-52 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑦層出土陶器 274 圖4-53 UnitI10GridG9-I11、G2、G3、G4、G5⑦層出土陶器 275 圖4-54 鐵釘 308 圖5-1 納提什瓦遺址遺跡總平面圖 327 Fig. 1-1 Geographical map of Bangladesh 2 Fig. 1-2 Geographical map of Vikrampura site 3 Fig. 1-3 The location plan of Nateshwar area 4 Fig. 1-4 The location plan of Raghurampur site, Nateshwar site and Vairajogini Village of the hometown of Atisha Dipankara Srijnana 7 Fig. 1-5 The distribution of test grids over the years at Nateshwar site 17 Fig. 2-1 The location map of the stratigraphic sections at Nateshwar site 49 Fig. 2-2 The section of UnitJ10GridA10, B10, C10, D10, E10, E9 50 Fig. 2-3 The section of UnitJ11GridE1, D1, C1, B1, A1 51 Fig. 2-4 The section of UnitJ11GridE6, E5, E4, E3, E2, E1 51 Fig. 2-5 The section of UnitI11GridH6, I6, J6, UnitJ11GridA6, B6, C6, D6, E6 52 Fig. 2-6 The section of UnitI10GridG8, G9, G10, UnitI11GridG1, G, G3, G4, G5 53 Fig. 2-7 The section of UnitK9GridA8, B8, C8, D8, E8, F8, G8, H8 54 Fig. 2-8 The section of UnitL9GridA9, B9, C9, D9, E9, F9 55 Fig. 2-9 The section of UnitL8GridF2, F3, F4 56 Fig. 2-10 The section of UnitK7GridI10, UnitK8GridI1-I10, UnitK9GridI1-I7 57 Fig. 2-11 The section of UnitH10GridJ5-J1, UnitI9GridA10-A3 59 Fig. 2-12 The section of UnitI9GridJ1, UnitJ9GridA1, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1, G1, H1 59 Fig. 2-13 The section of UnitJ9GridH5, G5, F5, E5, D5, C5, B5, A5, UnitI9GridJ5, I5, H5 60 Fig. 2-14 The section of UnitJ10GridD8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1,UnitJ9GridD10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5 62 Fig. 3-1 The master plan of the cultural remains of the first Period at Nateshwar site 76 Fig. 3-2 The plan and section of the early phase of Temple 1 78 Fig. 3-3 The plan and section of the late phase of Temple 1 78 Fig. 3-4 The elevation of the western wall of Temple 1 79 Fig. 3-5 The plan and section of the northern part of Road 3, Road 4 and Wall 1 81 Fig. 3-6 The plan and section of the middle part of Road 3 81 Fig. 3-7 The plan and section of bathroom and drainage 82 Fig. 3-8 The plan and section of Temple 2 (pyramid-shaped stupa) 84 Fig. 3-9 The plan and section of House 1 86 Fig. 3-10 The plan and section of House 5 88 Fig. 3-11 The plan and section of Wall 3 89 Fig. 3-12 The plan of Cruciform Central Temple 103 Fig. 3-13 The plan and section of Pillared-hall 1, Cruciform Central Temple 104 Fig. 3-14 The plan and section of Pillar-plinth of Pillared-hall 1, Cruciform Central Temple 105 Fig. 3-15 The plan and section of Pillared-hall 2, Cruciform Central Temple 109 Fig. 3-16 The plan and section of pillar-plinth of the Pillared-hall 2, Cruciform Central Temple 110 Fig. 3-17 The plan and section of Pillared-hall 3 , Cruciform Central Temple 112 Fig. 3-18 The plan and section of Pillared-hall 4, Cruciform Central Temple 115 Fig. 3-19 The plan and section of the north entrance of the Cruciform Central Temple 119 Fig. 3-20 The master plan of the second period cultural remains at Nateshwar site 135 Fig. 3-21 The plan and section of Octagonal Stupa 1 136 Fig. 3-22 The plan and section of Octagonal Stupa 2 138 Fig. 3-23 The plan and section of Zigzag Boundary Wall 1 140 Fig. 4-1 The unearthed potteries of Layer 1 from UnitL10GridI5-J6, UnitJ11GridC1-D2 225 Fig. 4-2 The unearthed potteries of Layer 2 from UnitL10GridE6 226 Fig. 4-3 The unearthed potteries of Layer 2 from UnitI10GridI3,UnitL10, UnitJ11, UnitK9GridF10 and UnitI11 227 Fig. 4-4 The unearthed potteries from H1 228 Fig. 4-5 The unearthed potteries from H1 229 Fig. 4-6 The unearthed potteries from H1 230 Fig. 4-7 The unearthed potteries of Layer 4 from UnitI10-I11 231 Fig. 4-8 The unearthed potteries of Layer 4 from UnitI10-I11, UnitL10GridE6, UnitL10GridE5-F6 232 Fig. 4-9 The unearthed potteries of Layer 4 from UnitI10GridI11, UnitJ10-I6, UnitK10GridI3 233 Fig. 4-10 The unearthed potteries of Layer 4 from UnitK10-I4, UnitL10GridD6,UnitL10GridE5-F6 234 Fig. 4-11 The unearthed potteries of Layer 4 from UnitI10-I11, UnitL10GridE6 234 Fig. 4-12 The unearthed potteries of Layer 4 from UnitL10GridE5-F6, UnitI10-I11, UnitL10GridF6 235 Fig. 4-13 The unearthed potteries of Layer 4 from UnitI10-I11,UnitL10GridA6, B6, C6, D6, E6, UnitL10GridE5, F6 236 Fig. 4-14 The unearthed potteries of Layer 5 from UnitK10GridI2-I6, J2-J6 238 Fig. 4-15 The unearthed potteries of Layer 5 from UnitK10GridI2-I6, J2-J6, UnitL10GridE5-F6 239 Fig. 4-16 The unearthed potteries of lower Layer 5 from UnitL8GridG5-F5 240 Fig. 4-17 The unearthed potteries of lower Layer 5 from UnitL8GridG5-F5 241 Fig. 4-18 The unearthed potteries of lower Layer 5 from UnitL8GridG5-F5 242 Fig. 4-19 The unearthed potteries of lower Layer 5 from UnitL8GridG5-F5 243 Fig. 4-20 The unearthed potteries of lower Layer 5 from UnitL8GridG5-F5 244 Fig. 4-21 The unearthed potteries of lower Layer 5 from UnitL8GridG5-F5 245 Fig. 4-22 The unearthed potteries between Layer 5 and layer 6 from UnitL10GridA2-A3 246 Fig. 4-23 The Urn (W1∶19) 247 Fig. 4-24 The unearthed potteries from Urn 1 248 Fig. 4-25 The unearthed potteries from Urn 1 248 xiii Fig. 4-26 The unearthed potteries from Urn 1 249 Fig. 4-27 The unearthed potteries from Urn 1 249 Fig. 4-28 The unearthed potteries from Urn 1 251 Fig. 4-29 The A-type jug unearthed from Urn 2 252 Fig. 4-30 The B-type pot unearthed from Urn 2 252 Fig. 4-31 The unearthed potteries from Urn 2 253 Fig. 4-32 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitI11GridG2-G3 255 Fig. 4-33 The unearthed potteries of top Layer 6 from UnitI11GridG3, UnitI11GridG2-G3 256 Fig. 4-34 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5,UnitL10GridE5-F6, UnitL8GridF5-G5 257 Fig. 4-35 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5,UnitL8GridF5-G5 258 Fig. 4-36 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitL11GridE5-F6,UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 259 Fig. 4-37 The B-type pot of Layer 6 from UnitL8GridF5- G5 259 Fig. 4-38 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitL10GridE5-F6,UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 260 Fig. 4-39 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitL8GridF5-G5, UnitL10GridE6 262 Fig. 4-40 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitL10GridE5-F6,UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 263 Fig. 4-41 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitL10GridE5-F6,UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5, UnitL8GridF5-G5 264 Fig. 4-42 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitL10GridE5-F6,UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 265 Fig. 4-43 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitL10GridE6, UnitL8GridF5-G5 266 Fig. 4-44 The unearthed potteries of Layer 6 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5,UnitL10GridE5-F6, UnitL8GridF5-G5 267 Fig. 4-45 The unearthed potteries of Layer 7 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4,G5,UnitI11GridG3 269 Fig. 4-46 The unearthed potteries of Layer 7 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 269 Fig. 4-47 The unearthed potteries of Layer 7 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 270 Fig. 4-48 The unearthed potteries of Layer 7 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 271 Fig. 4-49 The unearthed potteries of Layer 7 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 272 Fig. 4-50 The unearthed potteries of Layer 7 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 273 Fig. 4-51 The unearthed potteries of Layer 7 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 273 Fig. 4-52 The unearthed potteries of Layer 7 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 274 Fig. 4-53 The unearthed potteries of Layer 7 from UnitI10GridG9-I11, G2, G3, G4, G5 275 Fig. 4-54 Iron nail 308 Fig. 5-1 The master plan of cultural remains at Nateshwar excavation site 327 表1 UnitI10、I11、J10、J11 ①層陶器統(tǒng)計(jì)表 224 表2 UnitI10、I11、J10、J11 ②層陶器統(tǒng)計(jì)表 226 表3 UnitI10、I11、J10、J11 ④層陶器統(tǒng)計(jì)表 229 表4 UnitK10GridI2-I6、J2-J6 ⑤層陶器統(tǒng)計(jì)表 237 表5 UnitL8GridG5-F5 ⑤層下部陶器統(tǒng)計(jì)表 237 表6 UniL10GridA2-A3 ⑤—⑥層之間陶器統(tǒng)計(jì)表 238 表7 UnitI10GridG9,UnitI11GridG2、G3、G4、G5 ⑥層陶器統(tǒng)計(jì)表 254 表8 UnitL10GridE5-F6(神殿1 北部探坑)⑥層陶器統(tǒng)計(jì)表 254 表9 UnitI10GridG9,UnitI11GridG2、G3、G4、G5 ⑦層陶器統(tǒng)計(jì)表 268 表10 納提什瓦遺址地層和遺跡單位的分期表 326 附表目錄 Table Catalogue Table 1 Statistic table of the potteries of Layer 1 in Unit I10, I11, J10 and J11 277 Table 2 Statistic table of the potteries of Layer 2 in Unit I10, I11, J10 and J11 278 Table 3 Statistic table of the potteries of Layer 3 in Unit I10, I11, J10 and J11 279 Table 4 Statistic table of the potteries of Layer 5 in UnitK10GridI2-I6-J2-J6 280 Table5 Statistic table of the potteries of lower Layer 5 in UnitL8GridG5-F5 280 Table 6 Statistic table of the potteries of between Layer 5 and Layer 6 in UnitL10GridA2-A3 281 Table 7 Statistic table of the potteries of Layer 6 in UnitI10GridG9, UnitI11GridG2、G3、G4、G5 282 Table 8 Statistic table of the potteries of Layer 6 in UnitL10GridE5-F6 282 Table 9 Statistic table of the potteries of Layer 7 in UnitUnitI10GridG9, UnitI11GridG2、G3、G4、G5 283 Table 10 The periodization of layers and cultural remains at Nateshwar site 331 彩版1-1 納提什瓦遺址環(huán)境 23 彩版1-2 納提什瓦村環(huán)境 24 彩版1-3 蒙希甘杰縣內(nèi)名勝 25 彩版1-4 達(dá)卡法王寺阿底峽相關(guān)文物和紀(jì)念堂 26 彩版1-5 拉庫(kù)羅普爾遺址 27 彩版1-6 納提什瓦遺址的原貌 28 彩版1-7 2014—2015 年中孟第一次聯(lián)合發(fā)掘 29 彩版1-8 2015—2016 年中孟第二次聯(lián)合發(fā)掘 30 彩版1-9 2017—2018 年中孟第三次聯(lián)合發(fā)掘 30 彩版1-10 部分考古隊(duì)員合影 31 彩版1-11 隊(duì)員風(fēng)采 32 彩版1-12 工地掠影 33 彩版1-13 工地掠影 34 彩版1-14 生活花絮 35 彩版1-15 工作、生活花絮 36 彩版1-16 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)注 37 彩版1-17 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)注 38 彩版1-18 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)注 39 彩版1-19 來自各國(guó)的來訪者 40 彩版1-20 公共考古宣傳 41 彩版1-21 “毗訶羅普爾遺址考古發(fā)掘和文物保護(hù)國(guó)際研討會(huì)”在達(dá)卡賈漢吉納格爾大學(xué)舉行 42 彩版2-1 地層及灰坑H2 67 彩版2-2 地層及出土陶器 68 彩版2-3 地層剖面 69 彩版2-4 UnitI10GridG8、G9、G10,UnitI11GridG1、G2、G3、G4、G5 剖面 70 彩版2-5 UnitK9GridA8、B8、C8、D8、E8、F8、G8、H8 剖面 71 彩版2-6 地層剖面 72 彩版2-7 UnitK7GridI10,UnitK8GridI1-I10,UnitK9GridI1-I7 剖面 73 彩版2-8 地層剖面 74 彩版3-1 第一期遺跡全景 150 彩版3-2 神殿1 外墻 151 彩版3-3 神殿1 全景 152 彩版3-4 神殿1 門廳 153 彩版3-5 神殿1 相關(guān)遺跡 154 彩版3-6 神殿1 墻角甕1、甕2 155 彩版3-7 房屋6、房屋7 和道路1 156 彩版3-8 道路3 北部 157 彩版3-9 道路3 中南部 158 彩版3-10 浴室和排水溝 159 彩版3-11 神殿2 160 彩版3-12 神殿2 東墻基 161 彩版3-13 神殿2 東墻外遺跡 162 彩版3-14 神殿2 東墻外陶器和河光石 163 彩版3-15 神殿2 北墻 164 彩版3-16 隔墻 165 彩版3-17 隔墻根下出土陶器 166 彩版3-18 隔墻根下出土陶器 167 彩版3-19 房屋1 168 彩版3-20 房屋2 169 彩版3-21 房屋3、4 170 彩版3-22 房屋5 全景 171 彩版3-23 房屋5 局部 172 彩版3-24 墻1、2、3 173 彩版3-25 路面4、道路4 174 彩版3-26 十字形中心神殿全景 175 彩版3-27 中心塔基地層和柱廳1 發(fā)掘前地表 176 彩版3-28 柱廳1 全景 177 彩版3-29 柱廳1 全景 178 彩版3-30 柱廳1 東墻基 179 彩版3-31 柱廳1 北墻基 180 彩版3-32 柱廳1 南墻基、西墻基 181 彩版3-33 柱廳1 柱基1 182 彩版3-34 柱廳1 柱基2 183 彩版3-35 柱廳1 柱基3、4 184 彩版3-36 柱廳2 全景 185 彩版3-37 柱廳2 全景(2014—2015 年發(fā)掘后) 186 彩版3-38 柱廳2 全景(2015—2016 年發(fā)掘后) 187 彩版3-39 柱廳2 東墻基、南墻基 188 彩版3-40 墻柱廳2 西墻基 189 彩版3-41 柱廳2 北墻基 190 彩版3-42 柱廳2 柱基1 191 彩版3-43 柱廳2 柱基2、3、4 192 彩版3-44 柱廳3 全景 193 彩版3-45 柱廳3 墻基 194 彩版3-46 柱廳3 柱基 195 彩版3-47 柱廳4 全景 196 彩版3-48 柱廳4 全景 197 彩版3-49 柱廳4 東墻基、南墻基 198 彩版3-50 柱廳4 西墻基、北墻基 199 彩版3-51 柱廳4 柱基1、2 200 彩版3-52 柱廳4 柱基1、2 201 彩版3-53 柱廳4 柱基3、4 202 彩版3-54 連接墻基1 203 彩版3-55 連接墻基2 204 彩版3-56 連接墻基3、4 205 彩版3-57 中心塔基和柱廳4 全景 206 彩版3-58 中心塔基局部遺跡 207 彩版3-59 中心塔基東、北、西端 208 彩版3-60 北門道全景 209 彩版3-61 北門道局部 210 彩版3-62 護(hù)墻基和巴哈布爾遺址復(fù)原圖 211 彩版3-63 出土裝飾磚 212 彩版3-64 八邊形佛塔1 全景 213 彩版3-65 八邊形佛塔1 內(nèi)部 214 彩版3-66 八邊形佛塔1 局部 215 彩版3-67 八邊形佛塔2 全景 216 彩版3-68 八邊形佛塔2 塔身部分 217 彩版3-69 八邊形佛塔2 前廳部分 218 彩版3-70 八邊形佛塔3、曲折形圍墻1 219 彩版3-71 路面1 平面位置 220 彩版3-72 路面1 遺跡 221 彩版3-73 路面3、H2 222 彩版4-1 ①、②層陶器 285 彩版4-2 ②、④層陶器 286 彩版4-3 H1陶器 287 彩版4-4 ④層陶器 288 彩版4-5 ④層陶器 289 彩版4-6 ⑤層陶器 290 彩版4-7 ⑤層陶器 291 彩版4-8 甕1 陶器 292 彩版4-9 甕1 陶器 293 彩版4-10 甕1 陶器 294 彩版4-11 甕1、甕2 陶器 295 彩版4-12 甕2 陶器 296 彩版4-13 ⑥層表面陶器 297 彩版4-14 ⑥層陶器 298 彩版4-15 ⑥層陶器 299 彩版4-16 ⑥層陶器 300 彩版4-17 ⑥層陶器 301 彩版4-18 ⑦層陶器 302 彩版4-19 ⑦層陶器 303 彩版4-20 ⑦層陶器 304 彩版4-21 陶片紋飾 305 彩版4-22 陶片紋飾 306 彩版4-23 陶片紋飾 307 彩版4-24 毗訶羅普爾地區(qū)出土文物 314 彩版4-25 出土瓷片 315 彩版4-26 出土文物 316 彩版4-27 毗訶羅普爾地區(qū)出土磚雕 317 彩版4-28 毗訶羅普爾地區(qū)出土磚雕 318 彩版4-29 毗訶羅普爾地區(qū)出土石雕造像 319 彩版4-30 毗訶羅普爾地區(qū)出土石雕造像 320 彩版4-31 毗訶羅普爾地區(qū)出土石雕造像 321 彩版4-32 毗訶羅普爾地區(qū)出土石雕造像 322 彩版4-33 毗訶羅普爾地區(qū)出土石雕造像 323 彩版4-34 毗訶羅普爾地區(qū)出土石雕造像 324 Color Plate 1-1 The environment at Nateshwar site 23 Color Plate 1-2 The environment of the Nateshwar Village 24 Color Plate 1-3 The places of interest in Munshiganj district 25 Color Plate 1-4 The related relics of Atisha Dipankar at Dharmarajika Buddhist temple in Dhaka and the memorial hall under construction 26 Color Plate 1-5 The cultural remains at Raghurampur site, Vikrampura 27 Color Plate 1-6 The original landscape of Nateshwar site 28 Color Plate 1-7 The China-Bangladesh first joint excavation during 2014-2015 29 Color Plate 1-8 The China-Bangladesh second joint excavation during 2015-2016 30 Color Plate 1-9 The China-Bangladesh third joint excavation during 2017-2018 30 Color Plate 1-10 The group photo of some archaeological team members 31 Color Plate 1-11 Team members 32 Color Plate 1-12 A glance at excavation site 33 Color Plate 1-13 A glance at excavation site 34 Color Plate 1-14 Life trivia 35 Color Plate 1-15 Trivia of work and life 36 Color Plate 1-16 The care from the leaders 37 Color Plate 1-17 The care from the leaders 38 Color Plate 1-18 The care from the leaders 39 Color Plate 1-19 The visitors from all over the world 40 Color Plate 1-20 Public archaeology 41 Color Plate 1-21 The “Seminar on Archaeological excavation and Conservation of Nateshwar Site,Vikrampura” was held at Jahangirnar University 42 Color Plate 2-1 The layers and ash pit (H2) 67 Color Plate 2-2 The layers and unearthed potteries 68 Color Plate 2-3 Stratigraphic section 69 Color Plate 2-4 The section of UnitI10GridG8, G9, G10, UnitI11GridG1, G2, G3, G4, G5 70 Color Plate 2-5 The section of UnitK9GridA8, B8, C8, D8, E8, F8, G8, H8 71 Color Plate 2-6 Stratigraphic section 72 Color Plate 2-7 The section of UnitK7GridI10, UnitK8GridI1-I10 and UnitK9GridI1-I7 73 Color Plate 2-8 Stratigraphic section 74 Color Plate 3-1 The panorama of the first period ?s cultural remains 150 Color Plate 3-2 The outer wall of Temple 1 151 Color Plate 3-3 The panorama of Temple 1 152 Color Plate 3-4 The entrance hall of Temple 1 153 Color Plate 3-5 The related relics of Temple 1 154 Color Plate 3-6 The Urn 1 and Urn 2 at the corners of Temple 1 155 Color Plate 3-7 House 6, House 7 and Road 1 156 Color Plate 3-8 The north of Road 3 157 Color Plate 3-9 Southern and central part of Road 3 158 Color Plate 3-10 Bathroom and drainage 159 Color Plate 3-11 Temple 2 (pyramid-shaped stupa) 160 Color Plate 3-12 The eastern wall foundation of Temple 2 (pyramid-shaped stupa) 161 Color Plate 3-13 The remains outside of the eastern wall of Temple 2 (pyramid-shaped stupa) 162 Color Plate 3-14 The unearthed potteries and processed cobbles outside the eastern wall of Temple 2 (pyramid-shaped stupa) 163 Color Plate 3-15 The northern wall of Temple 2 (pyramid-shaped stupa) 164 Color Plate 3-16 Partition wall 165 Color Plate 3-17 The potteries unearthed at the foot of partition wall 166 Color Plate 3-18 The potteries unearthed at the foot of partition wall 167 Color Plate 3-19 House 1 168 Color Plate 3-20 House 2 169 Color Plate 3-21 House 3, House 4 170 Color Plate 3-22 The panorama of House 5 171 Color Plate 3-23 Some parts of House 5 172 Color Plate 3-24 Wall 1, Wall 2, and Wall 3 173 Color Plate 3-25 Floor 4, Road 4 174 Color Plate 3-26 The panorama of the Cruciform Central Temple 175 Color Plate 3-27 The stratigraphy of central temple foundation and the surface of Pillared-hall 1 before excavation 176 Color Plate 3-28 The panorama of Pillared-hall 1 177 Color Plate 3-29 The panorama of Pillared-hall 1 178 Color Plate 3-30 The eastern wall foundation of Pillared-hall 1 179 Color Plate 3-31 The northern wall foundation of Pillared-hall 1 180 Color Plate 3-32 The southern and western wall foundations of Pillared-hall 1 181 Color Plate 3-33 The Pillar-plinth 1 of Pillared-hall 1 182 Color Plate 3-34 The Pillar-plinth 2 of Pillared-hall 1 183 Color Plate 3-35 The Pillar-plinth 3, 4 of Pillared-hall 1 184 Color Plate 3-36 The panorama of Pillared-hall 2 185 Color Plate 3-37 The panorama of Pillared-hall 2 (after excavation during 2014-2015) 186 Color Plate 3-38 The panorama of Pillared-hall 2 (after excavation during 2015-2016) 187 Color Plate 3-39 The eastern and southern wall foundations of Pillared-hall 2 188 Color Plate 3-40 The western wall foundation of Pillared-hall 2 189 Color Plate 3-41 The northern wall foundation of Pillared-hall 2 190 Color Plate 3-42 The Pillar-plinth 1 of Pillared-hall 2 191 Color Plate 3-43 The Pillar-plinth 2, 3 and 4 of Pillared-hall 2 192 Color Plate 3-44 The panorama of Pillared-hall 3 193 Color Plate 3-45 The wall foundation of Pillared-hall 3 194 Color Plate 3-46 The Pillar-plinth of Pillared-hall 3 195 Color Plate 3-47 The panorama of Pillared-hall 4 196 Color Plate 3-48 The panorama of Pillared-hall 4 197 Color Plate 3-49 The eastern and southern wall foundations of Pillared-hall 4 198 Color Plate 3-50 The western and northern wall foundations of Pillared-hall 4 199 Color Plate 3-51 The Pillar-plinth 1,2 of Pillared-hall 4 200 Color Plate 3-52 The Pillar-plinth 1, 2 of Pillared-hall 4 201 Color Plate 3-53 The Pillar-plinth 3, 4 of Pillared-hall 4 202 Color Plate 3-54 The Connective Wall Foundation 1 203 Color Plate 3-55 The Connective Wall Foundation 2 204 Color Plate 3-56 The Connective Wall Foundation 3 and 4 205 Color Plate 3-57 The panorama of central temple foundation and Pillared-hall 4 206 Color Plate 3-58 The partial remains of central temple foundation 207 Color Plate 3-59 The east, north and west ends of central temple foundation 208 Color Plate 3-60 The panorama of north entrance 209 Color Plate 3-61 Some local parts of north entrance 210 Color Plate 3-62 The parapet wall and the imagination reconstruction of central temple at Paharpur monastery 211 Color Plate 3-63 The unearthed decorative bricks 212 Color Plate 3-64 The panorama of Octagonal Stupa 1 213 Color Plate 3-65 The interior of Octagon Stupa 1 214 Color Plate 3-66 The exterior of Octagon Stupa 1 215 Color Plate 3-67 The panorama of Octagonal Stupa 2 216 Color Plate 3-68 The body of Octagonal Stupa 2 217 Color Plate 3-69 The mandapa of Octagonal Stupa 2 218 Color Plate 3-70 The Octagonal Stupa 3, Zigzag Boundary Wall 1 219 Color Plate 3-71 The location plan of Floor 1 220 Color Plate 3-72 Floor 1 221 Color Plate 3-73 Floor 3, ash pit H2 222 Color Plate 4-1 The potteries of Layer 1 and Layer 2 285 Color Plate 4-2 The potteries of Layer 2 and Layer 4 286 Color Plate 4-3 The potteries from H1 287 Color Plate 4-4 The potteries of Layer 4 288 Color Plate 4-5 The potteries of Layer 4 289 Color Plate 4-6 The potteries of Layer 5 290 Color Plate 4-7 The potteries of Layer 5 291 Color Plate 4-8 The potteries from Urn 1 292 Color Plate 4-9 The potteries from Urn 1 293 Color Plate 4-10 The potteries of Urn 1 294 Color Plate 4-11 The potteries of Urn 1 and Urn 2 295 Color Plate 4-12 The potteries from Urn 2 296 Color Plate 4-13 The potteries on the surface of Layer 6 297 Color Plate 4-14 The potteries of Layer 6 298 Color Plate 4-15 The potteries of Layer 6 299 Color Plate 4-16 The potteries of Layer 6 300 Color Plate 4-17 The potteries of Layer 6 301 Color Plate 4-18 The potteries of Layer 7 302 Color Plate 4-19 The potteries of Layer 7 303 Color Plate 4-20 The potteries of Layer 7 304 Color Plate 4-21 Pottery decoration 305 Color Plate 4-22 Pottery decoration 306 Color Plate 4-23 Pottery decoration 307 Color Plate 4-24 The artifacts unearthed in Vikrampura area 314 Color Plate 4-25 The unearthed porcelain fragments 315 Color Plate 4-26 The unearthed artifacts 316 Color Plate 4-27 The brick scuptures unearthed in Vikrampura area 317 Color Plate 4-28 The brick scuptures unearthed in Vikrampura area 318 Color Plate 4-29 The stone statues unearthed in Vikrampura area 319 Color Plate 4-30 The stone statues unearthed in Vikrampura area 320 Color Plate 4-31 The stone statues unearthed in Vikrampura area 321 Color Plate 4-32 The stone statues unearthed in Vikrampura area 322 Color Plate 4-33 The stone statues unearthed in Vikrampura area 323 Color Plate 4-34 The stone statues unearthed in Vikrampura area 324
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